Makanda sangakhale ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a chimfine, makamaka chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa chitetezo, chomwe adalandira kuchokera kwa mayi. Ngati mayiyo alibe mankhwala oteteza thupi, ndiye kuti chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka ana chiwonjezeka. Njira zopanda kuteteza nkhuku sizimabweretsa zotsatira. Katemera wa ana polimbana ndi chimfine ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera matendawa. Pakadali pano, katemera osatetezedwa wagwiritsidwa ntchito pachifukwa ichi.
Katemera motsutsana ndi chimfine
Vaksgripp - kupatsirana katemera (kuyeretsedwa kosavomerezedwa) kofalitsidwa ndi kampani ya ku France Pasteur Merri Connaught. Mlingo umodzi wa inoculation uli ndi micrograms zosachepera khumi ndi zisanu za mavitamini a hemagglutinin H3N2-influenza A, 15 μg (osachepera) H1N1-Fluenza A hemagglutinin virusi, 15 μg (osachepera) hemagglutinin wa mtundu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Fluwenza B. Kuwonjezera apo, mlingo wa katemera umakhala waung'ono kuchuluka kwa formaldehyde, merthiolate, njira za neomycin ndi njira yothetsera.
Katemera ndi katemera wothandizira mitundu ina (yopangidwa ndi Institute of Immunology, Russia, Moscow, Russia), yomwe ili ndi antigen ya A (H3N2 ndi H1N1) ndi fuluwenza B, komanso imakhala ndi antijeni conjugated ndi polyoxidonium immunostimulant. Zonsezi ndi zochepa zedi kupezeka kwa antigens kwambiri kumawonjezera immunogenicity ya katemera.
Fluarix ndi katemera wogawanika wa nkhuku, womwe umapangidwa ku Belgium (Smith Klein Beecham). Lili ndi micrograms khumi ndi ziwiri za haemagglutinin mtundu uliwonse wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a chimfine, sucrose, phosphate buffer, zizindikiro za formaldehyde ndi merthiolate (zovuta zonse zimalimbikitsidwa ndi WHO).
INFLUVAC , katemera woteteza katemera wotchedwa trivalent influenza wofalitsidwa ku Netherlands (Solvay Pharma), umakhala ndi antigen ya purified surface ya neuraminidase ndi hemagglutinin, yomwe imachokera ku zovuta zofunika za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi WHO, podziwa kuti vutoli silinayende bwino.
Zizindikiro za kugwiritsidwa ntchito
Ngati n'kotheka, katemera wa nkhuku ayenera kulandiridwa ndi ana onse kuyambira pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, koma katemera makamaka amapangidwa pakati pa ana omwe ali pangozi. Awa ndiwo ana:
- ndi matenda a mapiritsi mu mawonekedwe osalekeza, kuphatikizapo odwala okhala ndi mphumu yamphamvu ndi yochepa, matenda a chisonyo;
- ndi matenda a mtima, makamaka ndi matenda aakulu a hemodynamic;
- kulandira chithandizo cha immunosuppressive;
- ndi mitsempha yodwala khungu kapena ma hemoglobinopathies;
- ndi matenda a immunopathology, kuphatikizapo kachirombo ka HIV;
- ndi matenda aakulu a chiwindi;
- odwala matenda a shuga;
- Kutenga aspirin kwa nthawi yaitali, popeza pambuyo pa chimfine pali mwayi wokhala Ray's syndrome.
Katemera wovomerezeka wa ana umapangidwa kusukulu, kusukulu kwa ana komanso kusukulu. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti katemera uwu ukuchitika pokhapokha mwa chifuniro komanso ndi chilolezo cha makolo (kupatulapo nyumba ya mwanayo).
Katemera wa katemera
Katemera wolimbana ndi fuluwenza amachitidwa mosasamala nthawi ya chaka, koma ndi bwino kuthera mu September-November (pa nthawi ino nyengo ya chimfine iyamba). Kwa akuluakulu, katemera omwe sagwiritsidwe ntchito amathandizidwa kamodzi, mwa anawo amathandizidwa kawiri (pakati pa katemera, masiku a masiku 30).
Zisamaliro ndi Zotsutsana
Katemera wosakhudzidwa ndi matenda a influenza amatsutsana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi hypersensitivity kwa nkhuku ndi dziragololo. Matenda opatsirana akhoza kukhala osagwirizana. Anthu omwe ali ndi immunodeficiency amatemera katemera osatetezedwa malinga ndi malamulo ambiri. Komabe, katemera wogawanika (Fluarix, Vaxigrip), katemera wa subunit (Agrippal, Influvac) amathandizidwa pokhapokha ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Pofuna kuteteza mwana yemwe sali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, onse amene amamuzungulira amapezeka katemera.
Katemera wa chiwindi mwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda akuluakulu amachitidwa kokha ndi katemera wagawanika. Zokonzekera zotsatirazi ndizoyenera: katemera oyeretsedwa opatulidwa m'magazi Influvac, Grippol, Vaxigrip, Fluarix.