Ernest Hemingway, biography

Ernest Hemingway ndi wolemba wotchuka wa ku America. Mbiri yake ndi yodabwitsa komanso yodabwitsa, ndipo taluso nthawi zonse imadabwa. Ernest Hemingway, yemwe mbiri yake inayamba 21 inasokoneza 1899, inasiya ntchito zambiri zomwe anthu mamiliyoni amawerengedwa. Ernest anabadwira ku Oak Park, tawuni yaing'ono pafupi ndi Chicago. Ernest, yemwe mbiri yake imakhudza akatswiri ambiri olemba mabuku, amakhala mu banja lotchuka kwambiri. Makolo ake kuyambira ali aang'ono adayesa kumuthandiza mnyamata kumbali zonse. Kuyambira ali wamng'ono, Hemingway anapita kukasaka ndi bambo ake, kukachezera midzi ya ku India. Bambo adayesera kumuphunzitsa kukonda chilengedwe ndikukhala ndi chidwi ndi moyo wodabwitsa wa Amwenye. Mkulu Hemingway, yemwe mbiri yake inakhazikitsidwa ngati munthu, amafunitsitsa kuti mwana wake wamkulu azipitiriza ntchito yake. M'banja la Hemingway, mibadwo yambiri ya bamboyo anali madokotala, anthu osiyana siyana komanso oyenda amishonale.

Amayi a Ernest Hemingway, omwe sankafanana ndi a bambo ake, anali okondwa kwambiri pa kujambula ndi kuimba. Pamene adayamba kupanga filimu ya New York Philharmonic, ndipo ngakhale kuti panthawiyi anali kuphunzitsa kuimba muyaimba ya tchalitchi, sanasiye kulakalaka nyimbo. Chifukwa chake, Ernest wamng'ono ankaphunzira kusewera ndi cello ndikukumvetsetsa. Inde, monga tikudziwira, mbiri yake inali yosiyana, koma, wolembayo nthawi zonse ankadziwa kusiyanitsa zithunzi zabwino ndi nyimbo zabwino. M'mabuku ena, Hemingway amagwiritsa ntchito zithunzi za makolo ake monga zowonetsera za anthu ake. Zoonadi, mbiri yawo yakhala ikusintha, koma zikhalidwe zazikulu ndi maubwenzi pakati pawo, komanso malingaliro ake, zikhoza kuwonedwa m'nkhani zambiri zoyambirira.

Wolembayo anaphunzira pa sukulu yabwino kwambiri mumzinda wake. Kumeneku kunali komwe ankakonda kwambiri chinenero chake komanso mabuku ake. Kusukulu, iye ankagwira ntchito m'nyuzipepala ndi m'magazini, komwe ankatha kulemba nkhani zake zoyambirira, komanso kudziyesa yekha ngati fano. Ernest anali mnyamata yemwe nthawizonse ankayesera kuti apindule mwa zonse zokhazo zotsatira zabwino. Iye anali kapitala ndi mphunzitsi wa timu ya sukulu, adapambana pa mpikisano mu kusambira ndi kuwombera, anakhala mkonzi wa nyuzipepala ya sukulu. Wolemba yemwe ankakonda kwambiri Hemingway ali ndi sukulu yake anali Shakespeare.

Ernest ali kusukulu, Ring Landner, wolemba mabuku, anali wokongola kwambiri m'madera amenewo. Mnyamatayu anayesera kutsanzira choyesa chake choyamba polemba cholembera. Ndipo popeza Lardner adadziƔika kuti anali wodetsa komanso wosaganizira, Ernest nayenso adalemba mofanana, zomwe zinapangitsa mphunzitsi wa m'kalasi kuti apeze mobwerezabwereza kuchokera kwa woyang'anira ufulu wofanana wa wophunzirayo.

Mu 1916, nyuzipepala ya sukulu inafalitsa nkhani zitatu za Hemingway, zomwe ziyenera kudziwika ndi ntchito yake yoyamba. Iyi ndi nkhani "Khoti la Manitou" (maziko a chikhalidwe cha ku India, nkhaniyi imanena za kuphedwa kwa msaki wakale wa achinyamata), "Ndiwo mtundu" (nkhaniyi imachokera kwa msilikali wamkulu wachikulire yemwe amanena za mchitidwe wosakhulupirika) ndi "Sepia Ginggan" (nkhani ya Indian amene amalankhula za galu ndi fodya yake, nthawi zina kukumbukira kuphedwa koopsa kwa munthu yemwe adamukhumudwitsa kale).

Panopa mumatha kuona zochitika zoyamba ndi zosiyana za chilankhulidwe chopezeka ku Hemingway.

M'maholide otentha a Ernest nthawi zambiri ankathawa panyumba. Iye anachita izi chifukwa chimodzi chosavuta - ankafuna kuona dziko lapansi ndi maso ake. Moyo mnyumba mwake unali wokondweretsa, koma wamba, ndipo mnyamatayu ankafuna kuona ndi kuphunzira chinachake chapadera. Kotero iye anapita ku mizinda ina, ankagwira ntchito yotsuka galimoto kapena woperekera zovala pamsewu wa pamsewu ndi kuyang'ana anthu osiyana. Zithunzi za ambiri a iwo zidatengedwa ngati zowonetseratu za nkhani zake. Koma m'nyengo yozizira Ernest anapita ku Chicago, kumene ankaphunzira bokosi. Kumeneko, nayenso anawona anthu ambiri osangalatsa ochokera ku masewera ndi mafia padziko lonse lapansi. Olembawa adakhalanso amphamvu a nkhani zake.

Mu 1917, America inalowa mu nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse, ndipo Hemingway ankafuna kuti alowe usilikali, koma chifukwa cha kusawona bwino sikunatengedwe. Iye sanapite ku yunivesite mwina. Mmalo mwake, iye anapita kukagwira ntchito mu nyuzipepala yamapiri ku Kansas. Ndiko komwe mnyamatayu adaphunzira luso la ntchito ya mtolankhani ndipo potengera izi adalemba "malamulo 100".

Pambuyo pake, Hemingway akadali kutsogolo, ngakhale kuti si msilikali, koma wamagetsi. Anapita kutsogolo kwa Italy, posakhalitsa anasamukira kunkhondo yowopsya ndipo adalandira malemba awiri olimba mtima. Ankhondo adalimbikitsa mnyamatayo, koma, panthawi imodzimodziyo, adamubweretsera mavuto ambiri, omwe Hemingway adalongosola pambuyo pake mu "Kulimbana ndi Zida! ".

Nkhondo itatha, mlembiyo anagwira ntchito nthawi yambiri m'nyuzipepala, koma pamapeto pake anazindikira kuti zinali zovuta kuti agwire ntchito yomwe mkonzi amaika ndi kulemba zomwe sakuona zosangalatsa ndi zofunikira. Choncho, wolemba uja wasiya zolemba, adayamba ntchito yodabwitsa. Choyamba, poyamba zinali zovuta kwa iye, koma sanataye mtima ndipo anapitiriza kulemba. Chotsatira chake, chifukwa chogwira ntchito mwakhama komanso luso lolemba cholembera, mu 1925 wolembayo analemba bukuli "Ndipo dzuwa limatulukira". Anali iye, wofalitsidwa mu 1926, umene unabweretsa kulemekezedwa kwa dziko la Hemingway. Mpaka chaka cha makumi atatu, wolembayo adalenga mabuku anayi osangalatsa, ndipo kenako US anayamba vuto, lomwe linayika mthunzi pa ntchito ya Hemingway. Ndipo ngakhale kuti iye anali kukhala nthawi imeneyo ku Ulaya, wolembayo anawona zonse zomwe zinachitika ndi dziko lake.

Mu 1929, mlembiyo anabwerera ku United States, chifukwa ngakhale apo adawona momwe fascism anabadwira ndipo sakufuna kukhala kumeneko, anasamukira ku Florida. Mu 1933 iye adafalitsa msonkhano wake wachitatu wa nkhani zazifupi "Wopambana Alibe Chomwe." Bukhu ili linaphatikizaponso nkhani zochokera zaka zosiyanasiyana. Njira imeneyi inali yosiyana ndi mdima ndi chiyembekezo. Hemingway ankamva ngati mlendo m'dziko lawo, patatha zaka khumi akukhala ku Ulaya.

Panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, wolemba uja anapita patsogolo. Ndizo zokhudza nkhondo zomwe mbiri ndi mbiri zake za nkhondo pambuyo pa nkhondo. N'zoona kuti nkhondo inathyola wolemba wokalambayo. Ankaganiza kuti posachedwapa moyo wake udzatha. M'zaka zaposachedwa, iye anapita kumalo ake omwe analipo ndipo analemba zolemba zake zatsopano. Usiku wa July 2, 1961, Hemingway wolemba bwino sanadziwe. Mbiri yake inali yodabwitsa kwambiri komanso yosangalatsa kwambiri moti silingaike m'nkhani imodzi kapena buku lonse. Iye anali munthu wolemekezeka, wolemba nkhani waluso ndi wolemba yemwe anasiya chuma chambiri chambiri kwa mbadwo wotsatira.