Mannerism, momwe kalembedwe ka mkati kunayambika ku expanses ku Italy. Chiyambi cha kubadwa kwake ndi pakati pa zaka za zana la 16. Monga momwe zimadziwika kuchokera ku mbiri yakale, kutchuka kwa kalembedwe kwadakhala kwa zaka 25 ndipo sikunatheke nthawi zonse. Dzina la kalembedwe linayamba ndi kuthandizidwa ndi anthu a m'nthawi imeneyo. Kotero iwo anazindikira Mannerism, monga chimodzi mwa zinthu zabwino kwambiri zomwe zachitika posachedwapa, zomwe ndizokhazikitsidwa kwa masiku ano.
Zochitika zakale za kalembedwe
Ndizosangalatsa kuti kudzikuza kwathunthu kwa Mannerism sikungokhala chinyengo. Izi ndizo chifukwa chakuti mapangidwe a mapangidwe a Mmanierism nthawi zonse sagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zenizeni, koma bwino komanso opanga ma fake. Ndipo amawombera zonse zomwe zingasinthidwe kukhala njira yowonjezera bajeti. Mwachitsanzo: zojambula zosiyanasiyana, zinthu zapakhomo komanso ziboliboli zazikulu.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Mannerism imadziwika ndi kusokonezeka mu zokongoletsa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mgwirizanowu usagwirizane. Zithunzi ndi zachilendo kuzinthu zoganizira za kukonzekera kapena kufotokozera mafomu. M'malo mwake, chojambulacho chimagwiritsa ntchito pseudo-bas-reliefs, pseudo-lepnins ndi pseudostatics, komanso zitseko zowononga ndi mawindo. Mannerism sizolowera kayendedwe kamene kamakhala ndi tanthauzo la kulenga chinachake chatsopano. Ndondomekoyi ndi yachiwiri komanso imatsanzira mfundo zomwe zilipo kale, koma zimakhala zosakondera.
Kulowera ku Hall Hall mu Mannerism
Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, mudzayang'ana mbali yaikulu ya kalembedwe - zokongoletserazi ndi zokongoletsera, zojambula ndi zojambulajambula. Zonsezi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe opusitsa, kotero zidzasungira ndalama zambiri koma ndizoyenera kutsimikiza kuti chodziwikacho sichinali chodziwika bwino. Choncho, mbuyeyo ayenera kukhala ndi luso lapadera, komanso zodziwa zambiri, kuti achite ntchitoyo malinga ndi zofunikira. Ngati ndondomekoyo ikuyenda bwino, ndiye katswiri wodziwika yekha adzatha kusiyanitsa ntchito kuchokera kwa iyeyo.
Musayese kupereka mkati mwa msewu wa bungwe: mulole kuti ziwonekere kukhala zosokoneza, koma panthawi yomweyi ndizowathandiza kumvetsa kwanu.
Mfundo yaikulu yothetsera mapangidwe ayenera kukhala ndi zotsatira za chic, maukwati ndi ukulu. Chifukwa chake, ngati muwona kusalekana, ndiye kuti zidzakhala zabwino.
Chipinda chosangalatsa chokhalamo
M'chipinda chodyera ndiyenso kufunika kokongoletsera zokongola. Lolani kukhala zovuta zosiyana za anthu, zomwe zimachokera kumalo ophiphiritsira kapena zophiphiritsira. Mukhozanso kubweretsa zopanda pake kapena zophiphiritsa zosayerekezereka, zidzawoneka bwino pamakoma. Poglum kapena mkati mwa chipinda mungathe kuyika chizindikiro: zomwe zilipo kapena zojambula zanu.
Chofunika kwambiri pakukongoletsera mlendo ayenera kukhala udindo wa banja lolemera ndi lolemera. Pa izi, zojambulazo zimapangidwa ndi golidi, siliva ndi mthunzi wa mkuwa (inlays ndi themcopies).
Tengani china chake kuchokera m'zaka zapitazi. Zinkakhala zojambula kupanga mawindo abodza, zitseko, nsalu zotchinga. Chochititsa chidwi, chifaniziro chanu chatsopano chidzawoneka chenicheni ndi chamoyo.
Kugona ndi zinthu za Mannerism
Monga Mannerists anali ndi cholinga chapadera - kuti apitirize kugwiritsa ntchito zizolowezi zamatsenga ndi zofufumitsa zapamwamba, lero njira iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kalembedwe kameneka. Pangani zipinda zonyenga m'chipinda chanu, zikulitsa mawonekedwe a chipindacho, chifukwa zimapanga lingaliro kuti pali kusuntha kumodzi mchipindamo.
Koma osati zomangira zokha zimapanga kalembedwe, kupatula izi pali zinthu zina zokongoletsera (tafotokozedwa pamwambapa). Zinyumba, monga mbali iliyonse ya mkati mwa Mannerism imachita mbali yofunikira. Ikani chipinda chogona, chooneka, bedi. Lolani kuti likhale lakale ndi lopanda malire ndi chimbudzi chowongolera, koma zipangizo zogwirira ntchito zidzasinthidwa ndikupanga zotsatira za kunyengerera pang'ono, panthawi yomweyo, chinthu chachikale.
Sizingakhale zopanda phindu kukonza malo kapena zojambula ndi zinthu zina zakale: mipando, zikho ndi zina. Makope awa adzakhala okongoletsera kunyumba kwanu.
Samalani kwambiri kuzipangizo. Ayenera kukhala ofanana ndi nthawi yakale, komanso azikhalanso okhawo osabwereza. Yang'anani zithunzi za nyumba zachifumu za Aroma ndi zokongoletsera zawo, ndipo mutatha kulamulira izi kapena chinthuchi kapena kugula mu sitolo yapadera.
Kitchen
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa kalembedwe ndi kufotokoza kwa mizere. Zingasonyezedwe kupyolera mwa kugonjetsa ntchito yokongoletsa. Lembani makomawo m'chifaniziro chimodzi, ndipo mupeza maluwa ndi kukwapula. Ubwino wokongoletsera khitchini pamayendedwe a Mannerism poyerekezera ndi nthawi ya chiyambi chakumapeto adzakhala maonekedwe ndi kuwala kwa mitundu.
Sankhani zosiyana, ndipo nthawi zina mukhoza kupanga mitundu yosasangalatsa. Kupanga kamangidwe ka khitchini, sankhani mipando yomwe idzakhala ndi mawonekedwe osakanikirana ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo siidzakhala yankho ku mitundu yakale.
Pakuti Chalk kukwaniritsa zinthu skazazhennye kaya maonekedwe kapena molingana. Chinthu chachikulu ndi kukana zakale ndi zokwanira kuti zikwaniritsidwe zolemba, zomwe nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira.
Masiku ano, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa Mannerism kumawoneka ngati kopanda nzeru, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Ngati mwasankha kukonza kapena chipinda chonse kapena chipinda chosiyana ndi chikhalidwe chofananamo, ndiye kuti muyenera kusamala kuti mupewe zotsatira za ukalamba ndi zina zosagwirizana.
Zoonadi
Pa machitidwe a Mannerism amanena kuyambira nthawi ya Raphael. Pamene Rafael anasiya kwathunthu njira zomveka zowonetsera zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nthawi ya chibadwidwe, anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira yowonjezereka komanso yosamveka pa ntchito yake.
Mannerism ili ndi mbali zake zokhazokha: zowonjezereka (counterpoint), zosazolowereka ndi zovuta zowopsya, zomwe zimawonetsedwa mu kuyatsa kapena mitundu yowala ndi zina zotero.
Mukayang'ana ntchito ya Djamboloni tidzatha kuona kuti ntchito zake zidali zozizwitsa zodziphatikizana, zosangalatsa.
Ndipo Benvenuto Cellini imatsogozetsanso kwa otsogolera ojambula a Mannerism.
Zojambulajambula, kujambula, kujambula, ndi zovuta kufotokozera Mannerism koma nthawi zambiri zimatanthauzira kunyalanyaza miyambo yamakono ndi miyambo yachikhalidwe. Choncho zokongoletsera zili ndi zokongoletsera, zodabwitsa, zozizwitsa komanso zosangalatsa. Ojambula m'maganizo awo nthawi zonse amatembenukira ku chizindikiro cha sallegoric kapena chizindikiro. Izi zinachitidwa mosamala ndi cholinga chokhazikitsa zithunzi zapamwamba zomwe zingakhale pafupi ndi mzimu kwa anthu ammudzi.
Mannerism ndi mkati mwazolowera zake ndizopangidwa mu machitidwe a bungwe. Zomangamanga, zida zamakono ndi zizolowezi zosiyana siyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri: zitseko zabodza, mawindo akhungu, mabome ndi zina zotero.
Ngati tilingalira zojambulazo, tidzawona kuti ali ndi zambiri zamakono komanso zojambula. Zokongoletsera, zolemera ndi zokongola (zida zasiliva) zinagwiritsidwa ntchito. Anagwira nawo nyumba ndi mitundu yosakanikirana, momwe zilankhulidwe zina zinali zowonjezereka ndipo mitundu yowala kwambiri inagwiritsidwa ntchito.