Banja la Tarkovsky
Kotero, nchiyani chomwe chinali chosangalatsa mu moyo wa Tarkovsky? Chabwino, biography ya mtsogoleriyo inayamba ngati wina aliyense - kuyambira kubadwa. Tsiku la kubadwa kwa Andrew - 4 April 1932. Zithunzi za munthu waluso uyu zinayambira mumudzi wamba wa Russia. Banja la Tarkovsky limakhala m'dera la Trans-Volga m'chigawo cha Ivanovo. Koma, komabe, makolo a Andrei anali ophunzira komanso ophunzira. Mwinamwake, ndi chifukwa cha iwo kuti zojambula za cinematic katswiri zinapangidwa. Zoona zake n'zakuti bambo a mtsogoleriyo anali ndakatulo, ndipo mayi ake anali wojambula.
Ubwana "wokongola" Tarkovsky
Ngakhale kuti Andrei anakulira m'mudzimo, nthawi zonse ankadziona kuti ndi wapadera, iye anali wobadwa mwapadera. Ngati anyamata onse sanamvere ngati ali ndi nsapato zoyera, kaya ali ndi malaya atsopano, zinali zofunika kwambiri kwa Andrei. Ngakhale kuti umphaŵi umapezeka m'banja, ndipo pambuyo pake, mayi anga anamulera yekha, popeza bambo anga anasiya mwanayo ali ndi zaka zisanu zokha, amasiyana kwambiri poona fashoni ndipo amatha kukhala wokongola. Pamene iye ndi amayi ake anasamukira ku Moscow, Andrew anawonjezeranso kusonyeza chimene iye ali. Mnyamatayo ndi mayi ake ankakhala ku Zamoskvorechye ndipo anapita ku sukulu ina. Mwa njira, kunali kusukulu iyi yomwe ndakatulo wotchuka Andrei Voznesensky ankaphunzira naye.
Andrei Tarkovsky sanalephereke kapena kuchotsedwa. Anadziwa momwe angapezere njira ndi kulankhulana ndi aliyense. Ngakhale aphunzitsi anali ofanana naye. Iye anali wosiyana kwambiri ndi achinyamata ambiri a Soviet. Andrew wakhala nthawi zonse munthu amene amayamikira ufulu ndipo amamva mumtima mwake. Izi zikanakhoza kulipira anthu ochepa okha omwe ankakhala pa nthawi imeneyo. Aliyense adadziwa chomwe chimasokoneza. Koma Andrei sanachite mantha ndi izi. Nthawi zonse ankakhalabe, ankaganiza momwe ankafunira, ndipo adanena zomwe ankaganiza kuti ndizofunikira.
Kujambula mu moyo wake
Tarkovsky ankakonda kwambiri luso kuyambira ali wamng'ono. Anapita ku Sukulu ya Art yomwe inatchedwa 1905. Komabe, atamaliza sukulu ya sekondale, mtsogoleri wotsatira sanadziwe mwamsanga yemwe akufuna kuti akhale. Mnyamatayo analowa m'Dipatimenti ya Arabiya ya Middle East, yomwe ili m'gulu la Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies. Iye anali wokhudzidwa ndipo ngakhale anapita kukachita ku Siberia. Kumeneko, pamtsinje, mnyamatayo anakhala miyezi itatu pa ulendo wa geological. Komabe, chikondi cha kulenga chinavuta, ndipo atabwerera ku Moscow, Andrei anapita ku VGIK. Kumeneko anadutsa mayeso ndikufika ku msonkhano wa Mikhail Romm. Pamodzi ndi iye adaphunzira zambiri kudziwika ndi nyenyezi za m'badwo umenewo. Koma makamaka pa maphunzirowo anaonekera ndi maluso awo osadziwika bwino Andrei Tarkovsky ndi Vasily Shukshin. Mwa njira, pamene Shukshin ndi Tarkovsky anatenga mayeso, komiti yayikuluyi sanafune kuti anyamata apite ku malo apamwamba a maphunziro. Aphunzitsi onse anauza Romm kuti asatenge ana. Ndipo iye sanagwirizane, kutenga chimodzi ndi chimzake. Vasily ndi Andrey anali osiyana, monga mafuta ndi madzi. Ambiri sanayambe kutembenuka, koma Romma ankaganiza kuti ndi umunthu wodalirika umene bungweli linkafunikira. Ndimo momwe anyamata adatsirizira mu msonkhano wake.
Maphunziro ndi mapulani oyambirira
Pa maphunziro ake, Tarkovsky anakhala mabwenzi apamtima ndi Konchalovsky. Pano iwo amangotembenuka maganizo awo pa chilengedwe ndi moyo. Ndicho chifukwa chake anyamata nthawi zonse ankachita ntchito zomwe amapatsidwa pamodzi. Iwo ankakonda kugwira ntchito mwachangu, kugawana malingaliro. Ntchito yawoyi inali filimu yochepa "Katswiri wokopa masewera ndi violin". Zinasangalatsa kwambiri ndipo zinapambana kuti zingapindule mphoto yaikulu ku New York, pamene panali mpikisano pakati pa mafilimu a ophunzira. Izi zinachitika mu 1961.
Mosfilm
Atamaliza maphunziro awo, Tarkovsky anafika ku Mosfilm. Filimu yoyamba yomwe iye anawombera inali "Ivan's Childhood." Nkhani iyi yokhudza mwana yemwe anafika kutsogolo inakhala yowona mtima komanso yowopsya kuti Tarkovsky anazindikira mwamsanga. Ndiye chithunzi "Ndili ndi zaka makumi awiri" chinawoneka pazithunzi. Mufilimuyi, umunthu wambiri wawoneka. Ndipo si ojambula chabe, komanso olemba ndakatulo. Mwachitsanzo, monga Andrei Voznesensky, Robert Rozhdestvensky, Vadim Zakharchenko.
Filimu ina, "Andrei Rublev," yomwe inapita kunja kwa mutu wakuti "Chisoni cha Andrew," inali yeniyeni yeniyeni. Mu izo, Tarkovsky wayamba kale kuvumbulutsa kusagwirizana kwake. Nchifukwa chake kunja kwina filimuyo imatengedwa kuti ndi yodabwitsa kwambiri. Koma mu malo a Soviet iwo anamasulidwa pang'ono, analepheretsedwa mwamphamvu ndipo amangochotsedweratu. Zoonadi, panthawiyo kunali kosatheka kulankhula momasuka komanso poyambirira za moyo wa wojambula wamkulu. Tarkovsky anatha kusonyeza zambiri zomwe zinali zofunika kuti akhale chete ku Soviet Union.
Ndiyeno Tarkovsky anatenga ziwiri zenizeni zenizeni, zomwe iwo amaziyamikira mpaka lero. Izi, ndithudi, "Solaris" ndi "Stalker". Mafilimu awiriwa akhala ngati milungu yeniyeni ya Soviet. Iwo ndi okondweretsa komanso oyambirira omwe sangathe kuyerekezedwa ndi ambiri ndi ambiri a Hollywood blockbusters. Popanda zopindulitsa, zovala zamtengo wapatali ndi zokongoletsera, Tarkovsky adatha kufotokozera zapadera za fano la sayansi la zaka makumi awiri. Anakhala nthano akali moyo, koma boma la Soviet silinamuzindikire. Andrew analibe malo kudziko lakwawo. Choncho anapita ku Italy, kenako n'kupita ku France. Andrei anatenga zithunzi ziwiri zokongola, ndipo ngakhale kuti anapatsidwa mphotho, anali ataletsedwa ku Soviet Union. Ndipo zinali zopweteka komanso zopweteka kwambiri.
Mbiri yotchuka
Tarkovsky sankazindikiridwa konse, pokhala ali moyo. Ndipo pambuyo pa imfa yake, pamene ulamuliro wa Soviet unagwa, iwo analankhula za iye. Tsopano wotsogolerayu amavomereza onse okalamba komanso achinyamata. Iye ali, kwenikweni, chizindikiro cha filimu. Iye ndi munthu amene ankadziwa kuwombera mafilimu ambiri, ozama komanso osakondweretsa kumene anali oletsedwa. Pano pali iye, wosawerengeka komanso wosangalatsa, mbiri ya Tarkovsky, yomwe sichidziwika mu nthawi yake ngati katswiri wa cinema ...