Posachedwapa, ndi zojambula zotsatsa malonda ndi makanema a TV, okonza zodzoladzola adakhala ndi ife kuti atidziwitse kuti mizere yawo yatsopano ndi zipangizo sizikhala ndi zigawo zovulaza: parabens, sulfates ndi silicones. Koma kodi zinthu izi ndizovulaza kwambiri? Tiyeni tione bwinobwino nkhaniyi.
Parabens
Funso "Kodi amadya ndi chiyani?" Pogwiritsa ntchito ndime, ndibwino kufunsa kwenikweni: pambuyo pake, timadalira tsiku lililonse. Komanso timadzisamba tokha, timadwala ndikudzifalitsa tokha. Parabens ndi imodzi mwa zotetezedwa kwambiri popanga zodzoladzola, mafakitale ndi zakudya. Ntchito yaikulu ya esters izi sikuti apange nkhungu ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuphatikizapo kirimu. Monga lamulo, anthu okhawo sangathe kuchita zimenezi, opanga mavitamini omwe amawagwirizanitsa ndi zina zoteteza, chifukwa njira imeneyi mukhoza kuwonjezera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe muyenera kuteteza katundu wanu. Pomwe moyo watsopano usanayambike, tsiku lomaliza limatha. Uwu ndiwo mwayi wapatali wachiwiri wa mapepala. Mosakayikira popanda mankhwala osungira, mankhwalawa akhoza kugwira ntchito kwa masiku awiri kapena atatu, ndipo ngakhale apo, pansi pa yosungirako nyengo yosungirako. Izi ndizo zonsezi, zomwe zimawonjezera moyo wa njira zowonjezera ndikupereka mwayi wodzaza chipinda chosambira ndi ma tubes mapeto asanafike. Ndiye n'chifukwa chiyani tsamba la Paraben laulere likuwonekera mobwerezabwereza pa malonda okongola? Choyamba, ndi yapamwamba. Ndipo kachiwiri, ngakhale mbiri yake yaifupi, yomwe inangokhala zaka makumi angapo chabe, mauthengawa adatha kuwononga mbiri yawo. Zinali mu 2004 chaka. Wasayansi wa ku Britain, monga nthawizonse, sanapumire. Anapanganso kafukufuku wosonyeza kuti parabens ali ndi chuma chokwanira m'thupi. Mu 18 mwa 20 zitsanzo za khansa ya m'mawere, izi zotetezedwa zinapezeka. Phunziroli silinatsimikizire kuti izi zimapangitsa kuti chitukukocho chikule, koma chinyonthocho chinakhalapo, ndipo kuzunzidwa kunayamba pa parabens. Zinapita kutali kwambiri mpaka mu December 2010, Komiti ya Scientific ya EU Consumer Goods inati: palibe zifukwa zokwanira zoyankhulira za kuwonongeka kwa propyl ndi butylporaben, koma chiwerengero cha mankhwala alionse chiyenera kuchepetsedwa kuchokera 0,8 mpaka 0.19%. Mu March 2011, dziko la Denmark linakhala dziko loyamba loletsa kuwonjezerapo zinthu zonsezi kwa ana osakwana zaka zitatu. Ndipo pafupifupi onse opanga mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi otsutsa omwe sanagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa - amawachotsa pazolembazo - onetsetsani izo ndipo ngati zili choncho.
Zofufuza zikupitirira, ndipo apa muyenera kusankha komwe muli. Ngati mutasankha msasa "Popanda parabens," kumbukirani kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zodzoladzola kudzakhala ndi zambiri. Kapena pitani kwa olamulira achilengedwe a zamalonda, chifukwa tsopano makampani ambiri amapanga ndalama zokondweretsa ndalama kuti akondweretse makasitomala. Koma ngakhale mutatulutsa serum Paraben kwaulere, sizikutanthauza kuti izo ziyenera kutayidwa masiku awiri, ndizowonjezereka m'malo mwake.
Sulfati
Sulfates ndi salt ya sulfuric acid. Iwo anawonjezeredwa ku zodzoladzola monga chigawo choyeretsa ndi chithovu kuyambira kale m'ma 1940. Okonza amawakonda kuti athetse kuchepetsa kwa madzi kapena momwe amachitira maseŵera amatsenga, kupanga madziwa kwambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake sulfati imayambitsa mankhwalawa mozemba komanso bwino kuchotsa zosafunika. Pezani salt izi mu shampoo, gels ogawa ndi mitundu yonse ya umyvalka. Ndipo inu mudzawapeza iwo mu zovala zanu zotsuka kapena madzi ochapira - zomwe, inu muyenera kuvomereza, zimakupangitsani inu kuganiza.
Zomwe zimayambitsa mikangano yonse ndi sodium lauryl sulfate SLS (sodium lauryl sulfate) ndi sodium laureth sulphate SLES (sodium laureth sulphate). Ma sulfate osagwirizana ndi mafuta (omwewa ndi SLS ndi SLES okha) ndi owopsa chifukwa chochita zachiwawa pa epidermis. Pambuyo pake, mafuta akufa, ndipo pakhungu kapena pakalowa mkati, sichimangidwe mu njira yamagetsi, motero, ndipo amachotsedwa m'thupi ndi zovuta. Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti kusungunuka kwa sulfate kungayambitse khansara, koma makamaka mcherewu ndi owopsa kwa ana ndi achinyamata, chifukwa amatha kuchepetsa kukula kwa thupi. Pogwiritsa ntchito zodzoladzola, sulfati imatsukitsa khungu ndi tsitsi ndi okosijeni ndikusiya filimu yabwino kwambiri pa iwo, ndipo amaononganso kapangidwe kake kameneka, kamene kakhoza kukwiyitsa komanso ngakhale kumeta. Komanso, palibe akatswiri omwe amatsutsa kuti mchere wa sulfuric acid umapangitsa kuti chiwopsezo chitheke ku zigawo zina.
Ngakhale zili zoopsa zonsezi, palibe amene akuganiza kuti atseka njira yopita ku sulphini mu malonda okongola. Mayiko ambiri amangoyika malire awo - osapitirira 1%, ndipo maphunziro odziimira okha amatsimikizira kuti alibe mankhwalawa. Pamapeto pake, machitidwe amasiku ano amachititsa kuti zinthu zisawonongeke komanso zowonongeka.
Kukana zodzoladzola SLS ndi SLES ziri zomveka, ngati mumasamala za dziko lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, sodium lauryl sulphate imadziwika ngati poizoni kwa nyama zakutchire, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mukamapita kusamba, mumatsuka njira yothetsera limodzi ndi gel - nsomba za chakudya chotero sichidzasangalala. Komanso, zodzoladzola zilizonse ndi sulphate zimayesedwa pa zinyama. Inde, si mitundu yonse imene imanyoza akalulu osauka, koma pamene sulfuric acid salt imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zodzoladzola, maphunzirowa adzachitika. Kuti muchotse chikumbumtima chanu, yang'anani kulemba mu mawonekedwe a makutu owoloka.
Osakonzekera kuchita zachizoloŵezi zopanga thovu? Yesetsani kuti mupewe kukhudzana naye kwa nthawi yayitali: sungani mutu wake - osakokera, tsambulani shampu. Chotsani mu geleni ya geliti imene mumaikonda yakutsuka, ndipo, mwachitsanzo, mankhwala opangira mankhwala opangira mankhwala a bezulfate. Njira ina ndiyo kufufuza zilembo zachilengedwe m'ndandanda wa zosakaniza: mafuta a kokonati (sulfate) ndi makungwa a sopo.
Silicones
Silicones amapangidwa kuchokera ku silicon, ndiko mchenga, ndi polymerization ndi zovuta mankhwala njira. Awateni chigawo chachilengedwe pambuyo pake kuti chinenero sichimasintha. Koma ngakhale palibe mankhwala omwe silicons enieniwo, ndiye kuti zochitika zawo siziwonekera kumalo abwino.
Mu zodzoladzola, silicones anayamba kuwonjezereka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1950s: choyamba ndi manja ndi mafuta onunkhira, koma atangotulukira mitundu yatsopano, silicone antiperspirants, hair conditioners, ndi mousses zojambula zimakhala "silicone". Lero inu mudzapeza chigawo ichi pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya zodzoladzola.
Mu nthawi yawo muziwalo zodzikongoletsera, iwo anapanga kusintha kwenikweni, kupanga mithunzi, zonunkhira, kunyezimira ndi zokuta zowonjezera kwambiri ndi pulasitiki. Ngati mukuona kuti mankhwalawa ali ndi thupi labwino, lokhazikika, ngati silikuchoka pamtunda, ndiye kuti muli ndi silicones. Makamaka othandizirawa ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa madzi tonalnikov: silicones amawapangitsa kukhala amanjenje kuti aperekedwe bwino pakhungu. Njira zothandizira tsitsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zodabwitsazi, kuti zikhale zosalala komanso "solder". Ndipo apa maganizowa akugawikana: makampani ena amakhulupirira kuti zinthu izi ndizo zokhazokha zokonzanso tsitsi, ndipo otsutsawo amalimbikitsa mawonekedwe ena a silicones pamwamba, monga pa scalp, filimu yomwe imalola mpweya ndi zonse zothandiza kulowa mkati.
Koma ndalama zomwe zimatchula kuti Silicone kwaulere zikudziwika chifukwa china - chinthucho sichimakhudzidwa chifukwa chotha kusinthasintha, kutanthauza kuti sizitha kuwonongeka, koma kuti zikhale zowonongeka. Omwe amawononga zodzoladzola amalimbikitsanso kusiya zodzoladzola ndi zigawozi kapena zigawo zake, siloxanes, ndi makampani odzola ndi zamoyo zakuthambo m'malo mwa silicones ndi mafuta kapena olimba, mafuta oledzera komanso mapuloteni a hydrolyzed.