Ambiri ozizira-yozizira amachititsa mavairasi - fuluwenza, parainfluenza. Pali kuchepa kwa chitetezo cha thupi chifukwa cha tsiku lalifupi lowala, mavitamini osakwanira komanso maulendo aifupi. Athandizira kuti chitukuko chizikulirakulira ndi hypothermia, ngati mwana wathyola mapazi kapena ozizira mumsewu, ndikuwotcha mwanayo, ngati atabvala kutentha komanso akutukuta.
Zozizira zoterezi
Tonse timadziwa zizindikiro zazikulu za chimfine kapena ARI - ndi mphuno yothamanga, kukokera, kupopera, malungo komanso malaise ambiri. Komabe, ARI ili ndi zikhalidwe zake zomwe zimakhala ndi ana m'zaka zosiyana. Zimakhulupirira kuti ana omwe ali ndi thanzi la miyezi itatu yoyambirira, makamaka omwe ali pachifuwa, amadwala matenda opatsirana kwambiri. Zonse zokhudzana ndi ma antibodies a amayi amapita kwa mwanayo panthawi yoyembekezera kapena lactation. Ngati ana a chaka choyamba cha moyo akudwala chifukwa cha kufooka kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, matendawa amafalikira mofulumira ndipo amachititsa kuti thupi lichite bwino: nkhawa, kukhumudwa, kugona ndi njala. Mwanayo akhoza kuwonjezera kutentha - mpaka madigiri 38 ndi apamwamba, mphuno mucous imatupa, imatchera makutu ndipo pamakhala phokoso losasangalatsa pammero. Kuwonjezera apo, ARD kwa ana mpaka chaka ndi kutentha thupi ndi owopsa chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa madzi m'thupi kapena kupweteka. Kuwonjezera apo, matenda onse opuma opatsirana a ana ndi mavuto owopsa: otitis, sinusitis, chibayo ndi bronchitis. ARD yonse kwa ana kwa chaka chimodzi imayitanitsa dokotala kunyumba ndi mankhwala ochiritsira. Ana kuyambira chaka chimodzi kufikira zaka 3-4 akudwala nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chakuti nthawi ino mwanayo akukula, ndipo amayamba kudziwana ndi microflora. Ndipo izi si zoyipa: chiwerengero cha ma 6-8 pa chaka ndi ARI, patsiku la masiku asanu ndi awiri ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri, kunena kuti chitetezo chabwino ndi champhamvu chimatanthawuza kuti thupi limapereka chitetezo. Zonsezi zizindikirozi ndizo kwa ana a m'badwo uwu. Komabe, zizindikiro za m'deralo zimaonekera patsogolo: chifuwa, chifuwa, mphuno, ndi kutentha kwake nthawi zambiri ndi 38-39 madigiri, kukana kudya ndi kufooka. Mavuto nthawi zambiri sakhala ochuluka, nthawi zambiri ndi otitis kapena bronchitis. Ana a zaka zapakati pa 4-5 mpaka 7-8 nthawi zambiri amatha kupirira ARI mofewa - kawirikawiri amakhala otentha, mphuno, nthawi zambiri chifuwa ndi khosi. Komabe, iwo amakhala ndi mafunde aakulu kwambiri omwe amatenga matendawa ndi maubwenzi a mabakiteriya (ma tonsillitis), kupanga mapangidwe aakulu a matenda - matronillitis (adonsiditis) ndi adenoiditis (kutupa kwa matani a palatine).
Mmene mungachitire
Kulandira chithandizo kwa ARVI kwa ana osapitirira zaka zitatu n'kosayenera. Ndikofunika kukhala ndi chidziwitso choyenera cha dokotala ndikutsatira malingaliro ake. Koma mosiyana, mukhoza kuchepetsa chikhalidwe cha mwanayo: kwezani mutu wa mutu wa bedi la mwana kuti awonetsere kumapeto kwa ntchentche ndi kupuma. Mpweya mu nyumba uyenera kusungunuka ndikutsatira kutentha kwa madigiri 20-22. Ndikofunika kukonza bedi ndi theka la boma pa nthawi ya thanzi labwino. Ngati mwanayo sakana kudya, musamangomupatsa, kudyetsa mwanayo chakudya cha mkaka, chopatsa mavitamini. Dokotala asanafike amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a zitsamba ndi antipyretic mankhwala, omwe ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha pamwamba pa 38- 38.5 madigiri, kutentha kochepa kugogoda sikuvomerezeka - izi ndizitetezera thupi ndi chitukuko cha chitetezo. Mungagwiritse ntchito njira zakuthandizira kuchepetsa kutentha - kupukuta ndi siponji yonyowa mumadzi otentha kutentha, nthawi zina mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito enema ndi 20-30 ml madzi ozizira. Ngati njira zowonongeka sizingatheke, makandulo kapena ma sysips opangidwa ndi paracetamol kapena ibuprofen angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Analgin (m'mapiritsi) ndi aspirin ana sagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati kutentha kumatuluka mwamsanga, ndipo antipyretic kwenikweni sichiperekedwa, ngati mwanayo atetezedwa, pali vuto kapena kupuma mokweza, muyenera kuyitanira ambulansi mwamsanga. Pambuyo poyezetsa magazi, dokotalayo angakulangize, makamaka, kugwiritsa ntchito magulu angapo a mankhwala. Chithandizo chachikulu ndicho kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo, ngati kachilombo kabakiteriya kamakhala kotsimikizika, kapena chiopsezo cha matenda ndi chachikulu kwambiri. Kwa ana, mawonekedwe abwino ndi mlingo wa ana amapangidwa - m'makandulo, kusungunula, syrups komanso kawirikawiri pamapiritsi osungunuka kapena nthawi zonse. Kuonjezerapo, ngati mwanayo sakuvutika ndi matendawa, mukhoza kumupatsa mankhwala pazitsamba ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a zitsamba. Mwana wamwamuna akuwombera kwambiri ndi chimfine ndi kutentha thupi, ndipo chiopsezo chotaya madzi chimakula. Choncho, kumwa mowa kwambiri ndikofunikira, makamaka ngati mawonekedwe a zitsamba. Kukonzekera zitsamba kungagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati mafinya ndi chimfine ndi chifuwa, monga mankhwala a chifuwa, ndi ma balomu angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupukuta chifuwa kapena kumbuyo. Ana ambiri okalamba angathe kupatsidwa mankhwala opangira ulimi wothirira mmero, phokoso la khosi ndi chifuwa, mapiritsi a resorption ndi elixirs for ingestion. Kawirikawiri kuwonjezera pa chithandizo kuti asateteze chitetezo ndi kumenyana ndi matenda, madokotala amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito multivitamins, amathandizira kuti ayambe kuchira ndikugonjetsa matendawa mwamsanga. Ndipo pambuyo pochira, maphunzirowo akhoza kupitilizidwa kuthandizira thupi la mwana m'nyengo yozizira ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda obwerezabwereza.
Njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira ndi kupewa
Ana omwe ali ndi chitetezo champhamvu, sakhala odwala, ndipo matenda awo ndi ofatsa. Kodi tingalimbitse bwanji chitetezo cha zinyenyeswazi kuti athe kukana mwamphamvu chiwonongeko cha kuzizira? Njira yowononga chitetezo cha khanda ndi mkaka wa amayi. Choncho, WHO ndi akatswiri onse a ana amafuna nthawi yayitali kuti asamalire kuyamwa: nthawi yabwino ndi zaka zoposa ziwiri. Mkaka uli ndi zakudya zambiri ndi mavitamini. Lili ndi ma antibodies kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana ndi zinthu zoteteza zomwe zimathandiza kuti chitetezo cha mwana chitetezedwe bwino. Pa msinkhu uliwonse, zakudya zoyenera zimathandiza kwambiri popewera matenda. Mwanayo ayenera kulandira mphamvu zokwanira tsiku ndi tsiku ndi chakudya, ndipo amaperekedwa ndi mafuta ndi zakudya, chakudya cham'mawa tsiku ndi tsiku cha phala ndi mafuta chingathandize kubweretsa mphamvu. Kuonjezera apo, mwanayo ayenera kupeza mapuloteni ambiri, izi ndizochokera kwa amino acid, zomangira zomangamanga. Choncho, tsiku lililonse mwanayo ayenera kudya nyama kapena nsomba. Kuwonjezera apo, ntchito yoyenera ya chitetezo cha mthupi imafuna kudya mchere - calcium, potaziyamu, mkuwa, magnesium ndi zina zambiri. Mwatsoka, nthawi zambiri zakudya zopatsa thanzi sizingakwaniritse zofunikira zonse za vitamini ndi mineral. Ana amakono, makamaka m'mizinda ikuluikulu, kuyambira ali aang'ono kwambiri chifukwa cha zovuta zachilengedwe komanso zakudya zopanda thanzi zimakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri omwe amapezeka. Choncho, madokotala amalimbikitsa nthawi ya chimfine ndi nyengo yonse yozizira kuti atenge mavitamini okonzekera. Masiku ano, mavitamini okonzekera ana a zaka zosiyana siyana apangidwa, ali ndi mavitamini oyenera kuti thupi likhale loyenera komanso chitetezo champhamvu. Ambiri akuwonjezeredwa ndi mchere ndi kufufuza zinthu, komanso, amapanga mawonekedwe oyenera kudya - mapiritsi, mapiritsi osakanikizika, mapiritsi. Komanso, kusunga mokwanira tsiku la tsiku, kugona mokwanira kumalimbikitsa kulimbikitsa chitetezo, komanso kuyenera kugona kwa ana oyambirira. Chofunika kwambiri pakupanga chitetezo cha mthupi ndi kuuma kwa thupi. Uku ndiko kuumitsa kwa mmero ndi mphuno, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kutsuka ndi madzi, kuyambira kutentha (madigiri 30-32), pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa kutentha kwazizira (16-18 madigiri). Kwa mmero, n'zotheka kumupatsa mwana ayisikilimu monga njira yovuta. Kuperekedwa ndi njira zowonjezera zomwe zimapangidwira thupi lonse. Izi ndizimbutso za miyendo ndi manja, kuyenda opanda nsapato, zosiyana mizimu, kupukuta ndi njira zina. Mphamvu zothandiza pa thupi losambira padziwe. Sitingasinthe kusintha kwa nyengo: nthawi ya autumn ndi yozizira imabwera ndithu. Komabe, mu mphamvu zathu kuwonetsa chinthu chofunika kwambiri: thupi limaphunthwa, kuthandizira kulimbikitsa chitetezo chake, kulimbitsa ndi kulimba. Ndipo ngati mwadzidzidzi akudwala - kuti asadwale matenda ake komanso osalemetsa! Thanzi kwa ana anu!