Zakudya zowonjezera zakudya zimatchedwa zinthu zopangidwa kapena zakuthupi, zomwe zimaperekedwa mwadala mwa zakudya kuti zikwaniritse zolinga zina zamakono. Zinthu izi zimadziwika kuti zakudya zowonjezera. Masiku ano, nthambi zambiri zamakampani - zakudya zamakina, zotsalira zamadzi, nsomba ndi kusakaniza nyama, mowa, osakhala mowa, bakate ndi ena - onse amagwiritsa ntchito mazana osiyana zakudya.
Nambala ndi nambala
M'mayiko a European Union, ndondomeko yowerengetsera yapadera yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kugawa zina zotere kuyambira mu 1953. Mmenemo, chowonjezera chilichonse chili ndi nambala yake yapadera, kuyambira ndi "E". Ndondomekoyiyi inatsirizidwa pang'onopang'ono ndipo kenako inatsatira Codex Alimentarius.
Mu dongosolo lino, kuwonjezera kulikonse kumasonyezedwa ndi kalata "E" ndi nambala yotsatira (mwachitsanzo, E122). Chiwerengerochi chikugawidwa motere:
- 100-199 - dyes;
- 200-299 - zoteteza;
- 300-399 - antioxidants;
- 400-499 - otsekemera, otsekemera, otulutsa emulsifiers;
- 500-599 - anti-caking agents ndi pH olamulira;
- Zakudya zopatsa 600-699 - ndi opatsa mphamvu;
- 700-799 - maantibayotiki;
- 800-899 - malo osungira;
- 900-999 - zina;
- 1000-1999 - zosiyanasiyana zinthu zina, kuphatikizapo zotsutsa-flamings.
Kuopsa kwa zakudya zina
Zowonjezera zoterezi zimafunika kuti pakhale bata ndi chitetezo cha zakudya, pazinthu zosiyanasiyana pakupanga, kusungirako ndi kuikapo, kuti athe kufalitsa moyo wa alumali. Komabe, zimadziwika kuti, pamaganizo ena, zowonjezerekazi zingasokoneze thanzi laumunthu, zomwe palibe wogulitsa amakana.
Muwailesi, nthawi zambiri mumatha kuona zochitika zowonjezera zomwe zimayambitsa chifuwa, khansa, kupweteka m'mimba, ndi zina zotero. Koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti chikoka cha chinthu chilichonse chingasinthe malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu komanso umunthu wa munthu. Kwa zowonjezera zonse, masiku onse ogwiritsira ntchito amafotokozera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisokonezeke. Kwa zinthu zosiyana, mlingo ukhoza kuchoka pa milligrams pang'ono mpaka khumi pa gramu pa kilogalamu ya thupi la munthu.
Tiyeneranso kukumbukiridwa kuti zina mwa zinthu izi zimakhala ndi zotsatira zowonjezera, ndiko kuti, zitha kudziunjikira mu thupi. Kulamulira pa mfundo yakuti chakudya chili ndi zowonjezeretsa, ndithudi, zapatsidwa kwa opanga.
Ngakhale sitima ya sodium (E250) imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu masoseji, ngakhale kuti mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala owopsa a poizoni wambiri (kuposa theka la makoswe amamwalira pakamwa mlingo woposa 180 mg pa kilogalamu ya kulemera kwake), koma palibe choletsedwa pa ntchito yake panthawiyi, chifukwa Ndizo "zoipa zochepa", zomwe zimawoneka bwino kwambiri, ndipo zikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa malonda (kuti zitsimikizire izi ndikwanira kuyerekeza mtundu wa masitolo a mitolo ndi mtundu wa nyumba). Zakudya zapamwamba kwambiri za nitrite zimakhala zazikulu kuposa mchere wophikidwa, chifukwa amavomereza kuti amawotchera kwambiri.
Zotsatira zotsalira zingaganizidwe kukhala zotetezeka, monga sucrose, lactic acid ndi zina. Komabe, njira zawo zosiyana zimasiyana ndi dziko, choncho, zoopsa zawo ku zamoyo zingakhalenso zosiyana. Pamene njira zowunikira zimakhalira komanso deta yatsopano ya poizoni ya zowonjezera ikuwoneka, miyezo ya zinthu zosiyanasiyana mu zakudya zowonjezera zimatha kusiyana.
Mwachitsanzo, zomwe poyamba zinkaonedwa kuti ndi zopanda pake E121 zomwe zili m'madzi a carbonated ndi formaldehyde E240 panopa zimazindikiratu kuti ndizoopsa komanso zoletsedwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito. Kuonjezera apo, zowonjezerapo sizikuvulaza thupi la munthu mmodzi, osati zovulaza kwa aliyense, choncho ana, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto komanso anthu okalamba amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zochepa.
Ambiri opanga opanga malonda, m'malo mwa kalata amasonyeza dzina la zowonjezera (mwachitsanzo "glutamate sodium"), ena amagwiritsa ntchito mbiri yonse - ndi dzina la mankhwala ndi kalata.