Nthaŵi yomweyo katundu wa mnyumba atayamba kuonekera pa msika, mapepala a pamapepala ankakhala pamalo ena ndipo amakhulupirira mizu kumeneko. Tsopano ogula ambiri akufunikira kwambiri. Zipangizo zopangira mapepala zimakhala ndi katundu wosiyana komanso wodabwitsa kwambiri moti anthu ambiri akhala akusiya nsalu zamatabwa. Mapulogalamu ochotsera mapepala mwamsanga ndipo amatha kuyamwa chinyezi m'manja ndi malo osiyanasiyana. Iwo ali aukhondo kwambiri ndipo amalola ulimi wosavuta.
Zilonda zamapepala sizigwiritsidwa ntchito pakhomo pa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, koma m'malo omwe anthu ambiri ali m'malo monga mahoitchini, mabungwe, maofesi, zosangalatsa, malo ogulitsa, mankhwala, ndi zina zotero. ndipo amachotsa mafuta, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti wakhala wotchuka mpakahne.
Tsopano makampani athu amapanga mitundu yambiri ya mapepala. Izi ndi mapepala, mapepala, ndi mapepala a mapepala, ndi mapepala a pamapepala. Ndizo zokhudza zamakono, ndipo tidzakambirana.
Mu chipinda cham'chipinda cha nyumba, cinema, ofesi, malo odyera, kalabu ndi cafe, khoti la chakudya ndi khitchini silingathe kuchita popanda njira zomwe mungathe kupukutira madzi otsanulira, kuuma manja anu ndi kuthetsa mavuto ena omwe akuchitika tsiku ndi tsiku. Pali zochitika pamene mapepala amapepala samangobwerera m'malo.
Nthawi zina mapepala a mapepala ndi osasinthika komanso opangidwa. Mapepala amapepala amamenyana kwambiri ndi mavuto ambiri. Amachotseratu mafuta, amatenga mafuta, madzi ndi zina zotayika zomwe zimafunika kuchotsedwa m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Mitundu ya mapepala amapepala amagawidwa m'magulu angapo:
- Tilu togwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe anthu ambiri amasonkhanitsa;
- matayala oti agwiritsidwe ntchito pamoyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku.
Komanso tisiyanitsani mapepala a mapepala ndi momwe iwo amathandizira ndi kupangidwira. Iwo akhoza kupukuta ndi kusindikiza.
Kawirikawiri, kuti mupereke matayala m'malo amtundu, pangani zipangizo zamakono, zomwe zimatchedwa dispensers. Chifukwa cha iwo, mukhoza kuchepetsa kupezeka, kusunga mapepala, kutonthoza alendo, ndikupangitsani malo ovomerezeka. Zosinthazi ndizoyenera kuti zonse zizikhala ndi talasi.
Pali njira zingapo zowonjezera mapilipala a mapepala:
- Mapepala amapepala amapepala ndi njira yowonjezera C. Iyi ndi njira yowonjezera komanso yofala kwambiri. Zogulitsa zoterezi ndizoyenera ku malo amtunda wamtunda ndipo ndi zabwino kwa malo omwe ukhondo woyenera umagwiritsidwira ntchito.
- Mapepala amapepala amapepala ndi njira yowonjezera V-ZigZag. Zilonda zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mmalo ndi magalimoto apakati ndi otsika.
- Zolembera mapepala Mapepala - njira yowonjezeramo Z. Ndi njira iyi yowonjezerapo, matayala amawoneka kuchokera kwa dispenser imodzi pa nthawi. Pali ubwino wambiri pakunyamula:
- Chinsalu chotsatira sichisokonezedwa ndi manja onyozeka ndi onyowa;
- thaulo lililonse lokonzekera ntchito;
- kugwiritsidwa ntchito kungathe kulamulidwa;
- Chisamaliro chapadera chimaperekedwa ku ukhondo. Zilonda zoterezi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo omwe ukhondo umayenera.
- Zilumikizi za mapepala - njira yowonjezerezera W. Ndi mawonekedwe a Kuwonjezera, matayalawo amawombedwa ndi kutuluka mawonekedwe amodzi. Zilonda zoterezi zimakhalanso ndi mwayi waukulu - zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe ali ndi ukhondo.
Kuwonjezera pa matayili omwe ali odzaza mu milu, mapepala a pamapepala atsimbidwa kale. Zilumikizidwe za mapepala m'mapukutu ndizoyenera kupukutira pamwamba, kuchotsa madzi otsekedwa ndi corny kuuma ma mackerekere amchere. Zofunda zowonjezera zingakhale zosavuta kutsegula komanso ndipakati.
Tsopano opanga amapanga mapepala amapepala a maonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Zitha kukhala zowonongeka, zogwirizana, zowonekera, zowonekera ndi zina zonse. Zimakhalanso zosalala, zokongoletsera, zowonjezera maonekedwe, zong'onongeka, zachromaticity. Munthu aliyense akhoza kutenga mapepala a pamapepala, koma ayenera kumvetsera khalidwe.
Zolemba Zapamwamba
Zizindikiro zofunikira kwambiri za mapepala amapepala ndizowonjezera komanso mphamvu yoyamba. Ngati mutenga thaulo, ndipo imachoka m'manja mwanu kapena imakhala yofewa kapena yosasunthika, ndiye zingakhale zovuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito.
Palinso chizindikiro china cha khalidwe: ndikumatha kuyamwa madzi mofulumira komanso mofulumira, komabe nkukhalabe otetezeka ngakhale mumvula. Pambuyo poyamitsa chinyezi, pepala la pepala siliyenera kugwedezeka m'manja mwanu ndikusiya mafinya ozizira pa malo omwe mudzakonze.
Zipangizo zopangira mapepala zimapangidwa kuchokera ku mapepala kapena mapepala oyambirira. Zamagulu zochokera ku pulasitala yoyamba zimakhala zotalika, zimatenga bwino kwambiri, ndipo zimakhala zosangalatsa, zofewa. Kawirikawiri, izi ndizopindulitsa kwambiri, zomwe ziri ndi zingapo zowonjezereka, zowonongeka. Amagwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko yapamwamba kwambiri kuposa mapepala a mapepala, omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku mapepala obwezeretsedwa - zipangizo zosinthidwa.
Pamene chopukutiracho chimapangidwa kuchokera ku cellulose, ndiye katswiri wapadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti amangirire mankhwalawo mu zigawo zingapo. N'zachidziwikire kuti thaulo labwino kwambiri, labwino, lolimba ndi lamphamvu.
Technology yopanga izmakulature matawulo
Papepa lachitsulo, lomwe limayamba kupanga, limatsukidwa ndi mitundu yonse ya zonyansa zakunja ndi zosafunika. Mankhwala oyeretsa amatumizidwa ku gawo loyamba la kupanga-mphero.
Iyi ndi makina osokoneza, omwe amagwira ntchito popanda kusokoneza, ndipo pali masamba ndi madzi omwe nthawi zonse amapezeka. Kenaka thumba lophwanyika limadutsa mu sieve ndipo limatumizidwa ku thanki lakati, kuchokera kumene limaponyedwa ku tanki lopukuta.
Nthawi yotsuka idzakhalapo malinga ndi mtundu wa mapepala - izi zidzatsimikiziranso mtengo ndi khalidwe la tilu. Madzi omwe mapepalawo anatsukidwa amalowetsedwa mu sewer. Msuzi otsukidwa amanyamulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mphero yabwino ku sitima yosungirako. Ndipo kuchokera apo madzi ndi mapepala zamapepala amaponyedwa muzitsulo zothamanga.
Pambuyo pake, kuyimitsidwa kumatumizidwa kwa oyang'anira ndondomeko, yomwe imasakanizidwa ndi madzi musanafike 0,5%. Pambuyo pake, misa imatsanuliridwa pa tebulo lamatabwa, pomwe mapepala amapangidwa.
Makina a mapepala ali ndi chipangizo cholowera, mapepala a matope, gawo losindikizira, dryer yoyamba, yachiwiri kuyanika ndi kupukuta.
Gome la galasi likufunika kuti fyuluta kuyimitsidwa kupyolera mu matope a nylon, omwe nthawi yomweyo amachitiranso tepi yoyendetsa. Pali mabuku olembetsa olembera. Pothandizidwa ndi nsalu yowonjezera meshiti imayamba kusuntha. Madzi amene amadutsa mumatope amatumizidwa ku thanki kuti azitha kuyendetsa madzi. Kuyambira kumeneko imatengedwa ndi mpope wa centrifugal kuti ugwiritsirenso ntchito. Pambuyo pake, pepala la pepala likugona pa galasi lokhala ndi wosanjikiza, kenako imachotsedwa ndi makina osindikiza.
Tsopano yoyamba yowuma, imene imapangidwa, imachotsa zamkati zochokera ku nsalu. Kutentha kwa ndodo yometa ndi pafupifupi madigiri 110-115, kumatenthedwa ndi nthunzi yotentha pamtunda wa 0,7 kgf / cm2. Kufulumira kwa mpikisano ndi 10-13 mphindi.
Pamene mapepala a mapepala amtsogolo ali pa drum, amawuma kuti akhale ndi chinyezi cha 30-40%. Kenaka, pogwiritsa ntchito tsamba lachabechabe, tepi yowonjezera imachotsa pepala losanjikizika kuchokera kumtsinje wouma. Pambuyo pake, pepalayo imabwereranso ku ng'anjo yowuma pofuna kuyanika komaliza.
Kutumiza kwa makina omwe amapanga mapepala a mapepala amapangidwa kotero kuti kutalika kwa dongo la kuyanika kumapitirira 80%. Choncho, tepi ya pepala imakanikirana pakati pa meshiti, yomwe imayendetsa ndi ndodo yowumitsa. Choncho, matayala amatha asanafike mapeto. Nsalu yowuma youma imadulidwa pamphepete pamanja. Pambuyo pake, matayala amadulidwa, perforated ndi phukusi.