Zida za Bokosi la Shea ndi Momwe Mungasankhire

Buluu wa sheya ndi mafuta achilengedwe omwe ali ndi masamba. Mafuta ali ndi mayina angapo - batala wa shea, batala wa sheya, batala wa sheya. Mafuta alibe maina ambiri, komanso ubwino wambiri. Kutchuka kwambiri kwa mafuta komwe kumapezeka muzodzikongoletsera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza monga mankhwala osakaniza, othandizira zakudya zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira sopo komanso osatha ndi mababu a tsitsi. Buluu wa sheya uli ndi mtundu wa njovu wokhala ndi chikasu chachikasu. Anthu aku West African ambuye amasangalala kugwiritsa ntchito batala wa shea ngati mafuta ophika pophika. Ndipo makampani ena omwe amapanga maswiti amaika batala ya kakao ndi batala wa shea. M'nkhani ino tidzakambirana za katundu wa shea batala ndi momwe mungasankhire molondola.

Kodi shea akukula kuti?

Mabuku a sayansi amasonyeza kuti mtengo wa shea umatchedwa Vitellaria, Vitellaria Nilotica (Eastern Africa), kapena Vitellaria Paradoxa (West Africa). Minda yaikulu kwambiri ku Cameroon, Mali, Nigeria, Congo, Burkina Faso, Sinegal ndi Uganda. Kutalika kwa chomerachi chikhoza kukhala mamita 15, thunthu ndi nthambi zimadzazidwa ndi zinthu zamdima zomwe zimateteza nkhuni za moto. Mtengo umayamba kubala chipatso ali ndi zaka makumi awiri. Zokolola zingakhale zaka mazana awiri.

Zipatso za mtedza wa karite - uwu ndi chuma chofunika kwambiri komanso chofunika kwambiri cha anthu a ku Africa, popeza palibe zambiri zamtundu wa mafuta. Mitundu ya Afirika imasonkhanitsa zipatso kuyambira nthawi zakale, zomwe zimayambira pachiyambi zikufanana ndi lalikulu plums. Mnofu umene umaphimba mtedza ndiwochitira nyama ndi anthu. Anthu a ku Africa amayamikira zonse zomwe zili mmunda uwu: Mitengo yomwe sumabala zipatso, kudula, zouma, kutenthedwa, ndi phulusa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupenta nsalu mu mdima wakuda, ndipo kuchotsa mizu ya mtengo ukugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera kumwa mankhwala.

Pamitengo iyi pali mitundu ya mbozi, yomwe imatengedwa ngati yokoma. Zipatso za mtengo wa shea ndizopatulika zopatulika, zizindikiro za moyo, mwayi ndi kubala. Zipatso za karite ndi mphatso yabwino kwambiri ndipo zimakhala zosangalatsa pamphwando uliwonse. Utoto wa sheya umapangidwa ku East ndi West Africa. Kuchokera kummawa, mafuta amaonedwa kuti ndi onunkhira komanso ofatsa, koma ali ndi mafuta ochepa.

Njira zopezera batala wa shea

Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, njira yakuchotsera mafuta sizinasinthe. Mwachikhalidwe, akazi akugwira ntchito yokolola. Iwo amayeretsa chipatsocho, amawafalitsa iwo mu dzuwa kuti azifewetsa zamkati, ndiye azidya. Mitengo ya zipatso, mtedza, yosankhidwa, kutsukidwa ndi kukwapulidwa. Pambuyo pa kuyanika kwachiwiri, mtedzawo umakhala pansi pogwiritsa ntchito mphero, ndipo ufa umatsanuliridwa mu makate akulu odzaza ndi madzi otentha.

Kusakaniza kumeneku kumapititsa patsogolo, ndipo mafuta amanyamuka pamwamba. Kenaka pali madzi ozizira omwe amawathira mafuta. Mafuta awa amasonkhanitsidwa. Kenaka imatenthedwa ndi poto lalikulu, komanso kumapeto kwa fyuluta. Mafuta a karite okonzeka, omwe tsopano ali ndi mtundu wokongola, wodzaza ndi miphika yapadera. Zina mwa izi zimakhala zosowa za mkati, ndipo zina zimatumizidwa ku "dziko lalikulu".

Zolemba za Bokosi la Shea

Buluu wa sheya wanyamulidwa bwino. Izi sizikutulutsa kuwala. Amachepetsa khungu ndi tsitsi. Mafuta apadera, omwe ali pafupifupi 15 peresenti ya mafuta, amapangitsa kuti pakhale mtundu wa collagen. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti mankhwala opangidwa ndi batala wa shea muzokonzedwa bwino ndikuchiritsa khungu.

Mafuta a Karite ndi fyuluta yachilengedwe ya ultraviolet rayation (chinthu chachilengedwe SPF 6), chimapangitsa kuti khungu liziteteza. Chifukwa chakuti batala ya shea imapereka chinyezi chabwino pakhungu ndipo imadyetsa, imagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera ngati chinyezi.

Buluu woyera bwino amathandiza ndi chisanu. khungu louma, komanso ndi zilonda zamoto, kuti azichizira katemera ndi ziphuphu. Utoto wa sheya ndi wofunika kwambiri ngati kirimu yophimba tsitsi, ndipo omwe ali ndi mapiritsi, batala wa shea, amatha kusakaniza tsitsi.

Momwe mungasankhire batala ya shea

Mafutawa ndi osatheka kupanga. Koma muyenera kusamala. Onani kuti powonjezera hexane kapena zina zotsekemera ku mafuta, palibe amene amapereka chitsimikizo kuti zidzakhala ndi katundu woyembekezeredwa.

Anthu ambiri amamva fungo la mafuta. Ili ndi chiganizo chochepa cha hazel. Ngati mafutawo sakununkhiza, ndiye kuti izi zikhoza kutanthauza kuti mwina ali okalamba ndipo alibe kale zopindulitsa, kapena zowonjezera zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambazi zawonjezedwa ku mafuta. Ndiye mafuta akhoza kukhala woyera woyera. Koma payeso iliyonse ya "ukalamba" batala la shea sakhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa. Ngati izi zilipo, izi zikutanthauza kuti pali zowonjezera zakunja. Sikofunikira kuzibisa mufiriji. Buluu wa sheya amasungidwa bwino kwa zaka 2-3 m'malo. kumene kulibiretu dzuwa ndipo kuli ozizira.

Ngati mukufuna mafuta osati mawonekedwe ake enieni, koma pangakhale njira zodzikongoletsera, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kumvetsera nthawi zoterezi: Pamene mukulongosola zokometsera, batala wa shea iyenera kukhala pamalo oyamba, mwinamwake kungokhala kampani yogulitsa zodzoladzola.

Komanso mverani makampani opanga makampani: ayenera kukhala odalirika ndi odalirika. Kuphatikiza apo, shea yaing'ono iyenera kukhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri mu zokongoletsera, mwinamwake phindu lalikulu la mafuta lidzaphonyedwa ndi ochita mpikisano.

Nthawi zonse kumbukirani kuti zodzoladzola zoterezi ndi zamagetsi zimakhala ndi utoto wa shea wokhawokha, wokonzedwa malinga ndi luso lamakono la anthu aku Africa. Kusokoneza kwina kulikonse mu kupanga kwake kapena admixtures wa zigawo zina kumapangitsa kuti mafuta akhale mafuta abwino okha.