Kuchuluka kwa chifundo ndi chikondi cha Rubin
Katswiri wa zamaganizo Zek Rubin anali mmodzi mwa oyambirira kuyesa chikondi pa alamulo. Malingaliro ake, "chikondi", chisamaliro ndi ubwenzi ndi "mbali" ya chikondi cha chikondi. Ndilo "chikondi chokwanira" chimene chingapezeke muukwati kapena ubale uliwonse wapamtima.
- Chothandizira - chilakolako chokhala ndi munthu wina, kumuthandiza ndi kulandira chithandizo pobwezera. Chofunikira kwambiri ndi kukhudzana ndi thupi ndi kuvomereza.
- Kusamala - zochita zomwe zimapangitsa munthu winayo kukhala wabwino. Kawirikawiri, zosoŵa zake zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri kuposa zake.
- Chibwenzi ndi chilakolako cha kudzipereka kwa maganizo ndi maganizo anu.
Rubin anapita patsogolo: sanangolongosola zigawo zikuluzikulu za chikondi, koma mafunso oyambitsa. Kuyankha mafunso angapo, mukhoza kudziwa kuti ndinu munthu - wokonda kapena mnzanu basi.
Chikondi chosautsa ndi wachifundo
Elaine Hetfield anawatsogolera asayansi mazana ambiri ndi ntchito zake. Iye sanasiye kufufuza kwake ngakhale pamene mtsogoleri wake wa ku America anamunyoza m'malo mwake. Hatfield analangiza kuti pali mitundu iwiri ya chikondi: wokonda ndi wachifundo.
Chikondi chodetsa nkhaŵa ndi chimphepo chamkuntho, chimphepo cha mtima, chilakolako chachikulu chokhala ndi wokondedwa wanu komanso chikoka chogonana. Inde, inde, zovala zowatambasula pansi, zomwe palibe yemwe anali nayo nthawi yoyika pansi ngakhale pa mpando, ndi chiwonetsero cha chilakolako. Kawirikawiri chikondi chotere sichitha nthawi yaitali: kuyambira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kufikira zaka zitatu. Ngakhale kuti sizitha kudutsa - chilakolako chimatha kupita ku sitepe yotsatira ndikukhala chikondi cha chifundo. Ndicho chifukwa chake "abwenzi ndi kugonana" amakwatirana ndikukhazikitsa banja lolimba, ngakhale pachiyambi chirichonse chinali zosangalatsa basi.
Chifundo cha chifundo ndi nzeru komanso kulekerera. Monga bulangeti wokometsetsa, amaika anthu awiri omwe ali ndi mwayi ndipo amawakhudza ndi chikondi ndi chikondi. Kulemekeza, kuthandizana, kumvetsetsa ndi kuvomereza wina, chikhulupiliro chachikulu ndi chikondi zimasiyanitsa chikondi choterechi kuchokera ku chilakolako. Ndipo mwinamwake mukuganiza kale kuti siimaima mwamsanga. Chikondi choterocho chimakhala kwa zaka zambiri.
Mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya chikondi
Kodi mukuganiza kuti chikondi chiri ngati gudumu lamoto? Koma katswiri wamaganizo John Lee ndi wotsimikiza kotheratu za izi. Amakhulupirira kuti pali "mitundu" itatu yamtengo wapatali - mtundu wa chikondi - kuti, mutasakanikirana, pangani zojambula zina.
Chikondi chachikulu cha chikondi chimayimilidwa ndi eros, ludus ndi storga.
Eros - kumverera komwe kumachokera ku kukopa kwa matupi; Ndilakalaka zabwino, zonse zakuthupi ndi zamaganizo.
Ludus ndi masewera achikondi ndi malamulo ake ndi kuzungulira; anthu amachita ngati osewera pa khoti. Kawirikawiri ku Ludus, anthu ambiri amachitira nawo mbali (kotero pali katatu a chikondi).
Storge - chikondi chakuya, kuyandikana kwa miyoyo, yomwe imachoka pachibwenzi.
Zigawo zitatuzi, zomwe zilipo mosiyana, zimapanga mitundu yatsopano ya chikondi. Mwachitsanzo, pragmatic ndi mwakhama, pamene maganizo amachokera pa kuwerengera, kapena chikondi-obsession ndi kutuluka kwa mtima, zochitika za nsanje komanso zachilengedwe.
Mfundo zitatu zozizwitsa
Mu 2004 Robert Sternberg adapempha lingaliro lofanana. Zokha monga zinthu zoyamba, amalingalira zakuyanjana (kuyandikana ndi kuthandizira), chilakolako (chilakolako cha kugonana ndi chifundo) ndi kudzipereka (chikhumbo chokhala ndi munthu), zomwe zikuyimiridwa kale mu mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya chikondi: chifundo, chilakolako, chikondi chopanda kanthu, chikondi, chopanda pake ndi chikondi changwiro.
Kusamala ndi chikondi poyamba pakuwona: pali chilakolako chokha mmenemo, koma chiyanjano ndi maudindo sangapezeke kumeneko. Ndicho chifukwa ichi chizoloŵezichi chiri mofulumira mokwanira komanso nthawi zambiri popanda tsatanetsatane. Chikondi chopanda kanthu chizoloŵezi choposa chidziwitso chakuya. Zimachokera kulonjezano (kapena kuyesayesa mkati) kumusunga wokondedwa ndi wokonzeka kukhazikitsa ubale weniweni. Opanda pake - kuika maganizo pa chilakolako chonse ndi kudzipereka, popanda kuzindikira ndi kudalira; nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa maukwati achidule.
Malingana ndi Sternberg, mu chikondi changwiro pali zigawo zonse zitatu, koma n'zovuta kusunga. Nthawi zina zimakhalanso zopanda pake. Kuyesa mgwirizano wa magawo atatuwa - chibwenzi, chilakolako ndi kudzipereka - mukhoza kumvetsa kuti chiyanjano chanu ndi theka lina ndi chiyani chomwe mukufunika kusintha. Kwa ena, chidziwitso ichi chidzawonekeratu kuti ndi nthawi yakuletsa chiyanjano, chimene chimasiyidwa.
Chikondi nthawi zonse asayansi achidwi: akatswiri afilosofi, ndiyeno akatswiri a zaumulungu ndi akatswiri a maganizo aphunzira maganizo awa muzisonyezo zonse. Ndipo mulole sayansi ikugwirizane ndi zenizeni ndi zochitika ndi kuona chikondi pansi pa microscope, musaiwale chinthu chachikulu: muzikonda anthu apamtima - palibe chabwino kuposa chikondi chofanana ndi choyera.
Malingana ndi buku lakuti "Psychology".