Mbiri ya Anna Pavlova

Moyo wake ndi ntchito zake zinalimbikitsidwa ndipo zidakondweretsa anthu ambiri. Atsikana zikwizikwi, akuyang'ana Anna Pavlova adayamba kulota ballet ndi siteji, akulota zana limodzi mwa magawo zana a ndalama mu talente yake. Ndipo mamiliyoni a anthu, akuyang'ana kuvina kwake, anaiwala, kwa mphindi zingapo, za mavuto awo ndi nkhawa zawo, akusangalala ndi chisomo, kukongola ndi chisomo cha ballerina yayikulu. Mwamwayi, zidutswa za vidiyo zomwe adachitazi zapulumuka, ndipo mbadwo watsopano ukhoza kulowa nawo ndikukhala ndi mphatso yosaoneka ya "ballet ya Russian".
Komabe, moyo wake sunali wophweka komanso wosavuta. Mbiri yake ili ndi malo ambiri oyera, koma chinthu chimodzi ndi chodziwikiratu: kutchuka kwake ndi kutchuka ndi zotsatira zazowonjezereka, zovuta kugwira ntchito, chitsulo chodziletsa komanso kusatsutsika.

Ana ndi maloto
Anna Pavlova anabadwa pa January 31, 1881 pafupi ndi St. Petersburg m'banja la msilikali ndi wamasiye. Bambo ake Matvey Pavlov anamwalira mtsikanayo ali ndi zaka ziwiri. Komabe, pali chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti anakumana ndi mayi wa nyenyezi yamtsogolo pomwe ali ndi pakati ndi Anna. Panali mphekesera kuti bambo weniweni wa Pavlova anali wodziwika bwino wopereka mphatso Lazar Polyakov, yemwe amayi ake ankagwira ntchito. Koma n'zosatheka kutsimikizira kapena kukana chidziwitso ichi. Anasiyidwa yekha ndi amayi ake, Lyubov Fedorovna Polyakova, anayamba kukhala ku Ligovo pafupi ndi St. Petersburg.

Banja lawo linali losauka kwambiri, komabe mayiyo ankayesera nthawi zina kukondweretsa mwana wake ndi mphatso komanso zosangalatsa za mwana. Choncho, mtsikanayo ali ndi zaka 8, amayi ake anamutenga ku Mariinsky Theatre kwa nthawi yoyamba. Tsiku lomwelo, sewero "Kukongola Kwogona" linali pa siteji. Pachiwiri chachiwiri, anyamatawo adakonza ma waltz okongola ndipo amayi adafunsa Anya ngati akufuna kuvina mofanana. Kumene msungwanayo anayankha moyankha kuti ayi, iye akufuna kuvina, monga mpira wa ballerina yemwe amasewera Kugona.

Kuchokera tsiku lomwelo, tsogolo lamtsogolo silinalingalire zosiyana ndi zake, kupatula momwe angagwiritsire ntchito moyo wake ku ballet. Iye anakakamiza amayi ake kuti amutumize ku sukulu ya ballet. Komabe, msungwanayo sanatengedwe nthawi yomweyo, popeza anali asanakwanitse zaka 10. Kwa nthawiyi, maloto oti akhale ballerina sanatayika, koma amangowonjezera. Patapita zaka zingapo, Anya Pavlov anavomerezedwa ku Imperial Ballet School.

Phunzirani kusukulu ya ballet
Chilango ku Imperial School of Ballet chinali chofanana ndi amwenye. Komabe, iwo amaphunzitsa apa mwangwiro, apa ndi momwe njira ya classic Russian ballet inasungidwira.

Anna Pavlova sanakumane ndi chilango chokhwima ndi lamulo la sukuluyi, chifukwa adaphunzitsidwa kwathunthu ndipo onse adadzipereka yekha ku maphunziro a zolemba ndi masewera. Zambiri zimamukhumudwitsa, monga momwe zinkawonekera, kupanda ungwiro kwake m'thupi. Chowonadi n'chakuti panthaŵi imeneyo asungwana othamanga, atakhala ndi mafupa amphamvu ndi minofu, ankaonedwa kuti ndizofanana ndi mpira wa ballerina, chifukwa zinali zosavuta kuti achite zovuta zosiyanasiyana zovuta ndi pirouettes. Ndipo Anna anali wopyapyala, woonda, wokongola, pafupifupi "wowonekera" choncho sanaganizire kuti ndi wophunzira wodalirika. Komabe, aphunzitsi ake anatenga nthawi kuti awone zomwe zinamupangitsa kuti ayime pakati pa ena ovina: pulasitiki yodabwitsa ndi chisomo, ndipo chofunikira kwambiri - kuthekera kuganiziranso ndi "kutsitsimutsa" malingaliro ndi malingaliro a ma heroine omwe adawachita. "Kuwongolera" kwake, kufooka ndi kutsegula kunadzaza kuvina ndi chisomo chodabwitsa ndi chinsinsi. Kotero, "kusowa" kwake kwasandulika ulemu wosatsutsika.

Mariinsky Theatre ndi kupambana
Mu 1899, Anna Pavlova anamaliza maphunziro awo ku sukulu ya ballet ndipo adalandiridwa mwamsanga ku Theatre Mariinsky. Poyamba anali wokhutira ndi maudindo achiwiri. Koma pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake osadziwika, amalingaliro ndi auzimu a kuvina, omvera anayamba kuyimba pakati pa ena ojambula ojambula. Anayamba kupereka maudindo ofunika kwambiri, choyamba iye amachita gawo lachiwiri, ndipo kenako wasamukira ku maudindo oyambirira.

Mu 1902, kuvina kwake ku "La Bayadere" kumakhudza onse owonerera ndi akatswiri. Ndipo mu 1903 Papvelova anawonekera pachigawo cha Bolshoi Theatre. Kuyambira nthawi ino ikuyamba kupambana kwake pa malo a Russia. Pali machitidwe a "The Nutcracker", "Humpbacked Horse", "Raymonda", "Giselle", kumene Pavlova amapanga maphwando akuluakulu.

Udindo wapadera pa ntchito yake yovina inali kusewera ndi Mikhail Fokin wa choreographer. Chifukwa cha mgwirizanowo wawo, kuvina kodabwitsa ndi kodabwitsa kunayambika - kupanga "Swan" ku nyimbo za Saint-Saens. Maganizo a mphindi ziwiri izi anabadwa pokhapokha, ndipo kuvina komweko kunali kusinthika kwathunthu. Koma adaphedwa mogwira mtima, mwachidwi komanso chodabwitsa kwambiri kuti adagonjetsa mitima ya owonera panthawi ina, kenako adalandira dzina lakuti "Dying Swan", yomwe inadzakhala kalata ya kalata ndi khadi lochezera la Anna Pavlova.

Wolemba Saint-Saens mwiniwake adavomereza kuti asanayang'ane kuvina kwa Pavlova chifukwa cha nyimbo zake, sanakayikire kuti ndi ntchito yabwino bwanji imene analemba.

Ulendo ndi gulu lake
Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1909, ulendo wa padziko lonse wa Anna Pavlova unayamba. Kudziwika kwa dziko lapansi ndi kuvomereza kwake kumabweretsa zotsatira za "Zaka za Russia" ndi Sergei Diaglev mumzinda wa France. Komabe, amafunitsitsa ufulu wochita zinthu komanso maloto omanga gulu lake. Ndipo mu 1910 adachoka ku Theatre ya Mariinsky ndipo anayamba kuyenda yekha ndi ballet yake. Maiko a zokamba zake akuphimba pafupifupi dziko lonse lapansi: Europe, America, Asia, Far East. Ndipo kulikonse kumene anapita, omvera anamulandira monga nyenyezi yowoneka bwino kwambiri padziko lapansi. Pavlova adapereka maulendo angapo patsiku, kuyika nyimbo zake zonse ndikuwonetsa kuti sakusamala chifundo cha thanzi lake, chimene anali nacho kuyambira ali mwana ndipo sanali wolimba kwambiri. Kwa zaka zoposa 20 za maulendo osatha, iye adasewera mawonedwe opitirira 8,000. Iwo amanena kuti kwa chaka iye amayenera kutulutsa zolemba zikwi zingapo.

Anna Pavlova ndi Victor Dendre
Moyo wa Anna Pavlova unali wotsimikizika moona kuti sungakhale maso. Ballerina mwiniwakeyo ananena kuti banja lake ndi masewera ndi ballet, ndipo kotero kusangalala kwa akazi, monga mwamuna ndi ana, sikuli kwa iye. Komabe, ngakhale kuti sanali mtsogoleri kumbuyo kwa mwamuna wake, mwamuna wamtima wake nthawi zonse anali naye.

Victor Dendre ndi injiniya wa ku Russia ndi wamalonda ndi mizu ya ku France. Kugwirizana kwawo ndi Pavlova sikunali kophweka, iwo analekanitsa, kenaka anafikanso. Mu 1910, Dendre anagwidwa ndi kuimbidwa mlandu wakuwononga. Anna Pavlova anapereka ndalama zambiri kuti apulumutse wokondedwa wake. Iwo amati kuti apeze ndalama zofunikira kuti amasulidwe, sanadzipulumutse yekha ndi kusewera pachithunzi cha 9-10 pa sabata, akuyendera dziko lapansi.

Victor Dendre ankalankhula, m'chinenero chamakono, wolemba Anna Pavlova. Kukonzekera maulendo ake, makambilankhani ndi zojambulajambula. Iwo adagula nyumba kufupi ndi London, ndi mabwato akulu ndipo, ndithudi, a white swans, komwe ankakhala ndi Anna.

Koma ndi Dendra yemwe adatanganidwa ndi zochitika ndi maulendo ovina, akuyesera kuti apulumuke chirichonse, osati Anna, kapena thanzi lake. Mwinamwake izi ndizo zomwe zinagwira ntchito yovuta mu imfa yake yosayembekezereka.

Anna Pavlova anamwalira pa January 23, 1931, kuchokera ku chibayo, osakhala ndi moyo sabata lisanafike tsiku la makumi asanu. Paulendo ku Netherlands pa sitimayi, momwe Anna anali kuyendamo ndi gululo, panawonongeka. Pavlova anasiya galimotoyo patali pang'ono ndi chikhoto cha nkhosa ataponyedwa pamapewa ake. Ndipo atapita masiku angapo anadwala ndi chibayo. Amanena kuti akafa, mawu ake otsiriza anali akuti "Ndibweretsereni zovala zanga" - ngakhale atakhala pamutu pake, adakumbukirabe.