Mbiri ya chiyambi cha kalembedwe
Chiyambi cha Biedermeier chinayambira ku zaka za m'ma 1800 ku Germany, ndipo dzina limeneli linaperekedwa polemekeza wolemba ndakatulo wotchuka Ludwig Aikhrodt, amene ankavala pseudonym Gottlieb Biedermeier. Iye anali ndi munthu mmodzi wokondweretsa - mphunzitsi wa sukulu wochokera ku mapiri, yemwe anali wosiyana mu zolaula za Phillipine ndi zofuna za Phillime ndipo anali wokhutira ndi moyo wake. Ndondomekoyi yadzikhazikika ku Austria ndi Germany, zonse pamoyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku komanso muzojambula. Kulemera kwakukulu kwazomwezo ndi chakuti ku Ulaya mpaka lero ndi a mtundu wa Biedermeier ndi mtundu wonyansa, zimaganiziridwa kuti kalembedwe kamapangidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zifukwa zochepa zowakomera mtima komanso makhalidwe abwino.
Ku Russia Biedermeier anawonekera mu nthawi ya Pushkin. Ndipo ngakhale kuti filosofi ya filosofi ya kalembedwe kameneka siinagwirizane ndi mkhalidwe wa nthawiyo, mu Russia chikhalidwe cha Biedermeier chinkawonetsedwa mkati mwa nyumba zaulemu, eni nyumba komanso nyumba za mafumu.
Biedermeier anasintha mawonekedwe a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo adakhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha chitonthozo cha pakhomo, nyumba zabwino ndi chitonthozo.
Kunena zoona, kalembedweka kanakhalanso chifukwa cha kufunafuna choonadi chophweka ndi chikhalidwe, bata ndi mtendere. Ndipo m'tsogolomu, kalembedwe kameneka kakhala chitsanzo cha momwe kulibe ndalama, mukhoza kubwereranso mwachidule.
Zamakono za kalembedwe
Nthawi zambiri malo okhala mu dziko lathu ali ndi malo ang'onoang'ono, koma onse amakwaniritsa zofunikira za Biedermeier. Choncho, kalembedwe kameneka kakondedwa kwambiri lero, komabe, ku Ulaya kokha. M'dziko lathu, sizinayambe kuvomerezedwa ndikumvetsetsedwa, komabe zimachitidwa ndi mtundu wina wonyansidwa, kuchitcha kuti Chijeremani kapena kalembedwe kake.
Komabe, sitiyenera kuganiza kuti mawonekedwe a Biedermeier saliyimira chinthu chilichonse chojambula. Biedermeier ikuphatikizapo kusalowerera ndale komanso kudzichepetsa, komanso kukhazikika, komwe anthu ambiri amafunika kukonza. Biedermeier sizomwe zimakhala zosaoneka ndi mafilimu, zomwe sizikhala ndi zokometsera zokhazokha, ojambula ndi opanga makono amakono amagwiritsa ntchito bwino. M'machitidwe awa, khalani malo ogona - nyumba, nyumba, mahoteli, makasitomala ndi malo odyera. Kuwonjezera pa kudzichepetsa, kalembedwe kumabweretsa chisokonezo ku malo alionse ndikukupangitsani kuti chipinda chikhale chokomera komanso chosangalatsa.
Malo a mawonekedwe
Biedermeier ndi chiwonetsero cha demokarasi chomwe sichimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira pa kukula kwa zipinda, mawonekedwe a zitseko ndi mawindo komanso kutalika kwa zidutswa. Zojambula zopangidwa mu Biedermeier sizitha kudzitamandira. Zili bwino, zowonongeka komanso zogwirizana, zimagwirizanitsa zofanana, zowonongeka komanso mitundu yofewa. Kuphweka kwakukulu, zokongoletsera, zowala ndi malo - zonsezi zimathandiza kukhazikitsa nyengo yamtendere ndi chuma.
Zida zamkati zamkati muzithunzi za Biedermeier ndi izi:
- Gwiritsani ntchito mitundu yozizira (yachikasu, buluu);
- Malizitsani kupanga mtundu uliwonse, koma kwenikweni ndi amodzi;
- Pa makomako tengerani chitsanzo chophweka kapena chidutswa chochepa;
- Ganizirani pa fenema ndi zinthu zowala;
- Pansi pake amapangidwa ndi matabwa ophimbidwa ndi ma carpet.
Zojambula zamapangidwe
Zinyumba za kalembedwezi ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zawo ndipo zimakhala zogwira ntchito, zowonetsera komanso zotonthoza. Pambuyo pakuwonekera ndi kugawidwa kwa Biedermeier, mipando yonse inkazindikiritsidwa ndi luso lopangidwa lapentala, zomwe sitinganene za zinyumba zamakono. Odziwa plywood plywood, tsopano - veneer, anatsindika kukongola kwa mtundu wa mtengo ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi ya ovala zovala za Biedermeier, makabati ndi zitsamba ndiwo mafakitale omwe ankakonda kwambiri. Iwo amasiyana mu mizere yosalala, kusowa kwa zokongoletsera ndi kukwera kosavuta kwa mitundu. Pa nthawi yowonjezera inali mipando yomwe ili ndi ntchito zambiri. Ku magome okhala ndi mapepala opukutira, matebulo opukuta, mipando yopukuta inali phokoso. Panthawi imeneyo padzakhala kutchuka kwambiri podutsa sofas, ndipo magalasi owonetsera magalasi anayamba kukhala apamwamba kwambiri.
Zipangizo zamakono zamakono zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi kalembedwe ka Biedermeier, popeza chidziwitso chake chimakhala chodziwika bwino. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipindazo ndizosatheka. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kugwirizana kwa mafashoni. Kuphatikizidwa kwa mafashoni a nyumba zotere kungathe kukhala ndi zoyenera, chifukwa zimagwirizana ndi zokondweretsa zonse ndipo zimatonthoza. Tikhoza kunena kuti zipangizo zonse zamakono za nthawi yathu, izi ndizitsulo za Biedermeier.
Zambiri zazithunzi
Kuphatikiza pa mipando yapadera ndi mipando yeniyeni, kalembedwe ka Biedermeier ili ndi mzere wina wosiyana - zinthu zina zokongoletsera. Kawirikawiri izi ndi zophweka zokhazokha, zotsekemera ndi mafano osiyanasiyana. Pakuti chojambula cha Biedermeier chimakhala ndi kukhalapo kwa zithunzi zambiri zomwe zimapachikidwa pa makoma ndikuyika zifuwa kapena masamulo mu mafelemu apadera.
Zovala za velvet pazenera, maluwa ambiri pamphepete mwa nyanja, malo otentha kwambiri - zonsezi ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya mkati, yopangidwa ndi Biedermeier. Mwa njirayi, zidzakhala zosavuta kukumbukira kuti nyengo ya Biedermeier yatipatsa zinthu zapadera zomwe zimatchedwa jardinierkami mwanjira ina. Ndipo ngakhale izi, biedermeier imatsutsana ndi zovuta zonse zokongoletsa mkati.