Kodi mwana wanu amamera bwino kuchokera ku pulasitiki ndipo amakonda kupanga mapuloteni osiyanasiyana? Kotero, ndi nthawi yoti mwanayo apitirire ku gawo lotsatirali - izi zikuumbidwa kuchokera ku dongo. Kuumba dothi - kwa ana opanda zosangalatsa zofanana. Phunziroli liri ndi kuphatikiza kwakukulu kofunika kwambiri: simukusowa ndalama zazikulu ndi mafano a dongo kusungidwa kwa zaka zambiri.
Kumene mungapeze dothi kuti muwonetsere?
Mwachidziwikire, funso limangoyamba kuchitika: Kodi mungapeze pati kapena dothi kwa mwana wanu? Pali njira zingapo zosavuta zomwe mungapezere dongo.
Gulani mu sitolo
Mukhoza kugula dongo m'sitolo. Kawirikawiri dothi limapezeka mu dipatimenti yosungiramo mabuku. Gulani dothi lopanda ladongo lingakhale lochepetsetsa - sililipira ndalama zoposa zana la ruble. Kuphika, wokonzeka kupanga, kumagulitsidwa m'matumba ang'onoang'ono. Dongo limeneli ndi lofewa kwambiri pantchito, limakhala losalala bwino ndipo limakhala loyenera kwambiri kwa ana omwe sanapange dongo.
Dongo lofiira
Ngati mwana wanu sali woyamba ndipo amajambula bwino, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kuganizira za kugula dongo losakanizika. Clay amagulitsidwa m'matumba a makilogalamu atatu ndi khumi. Dothi labuluu ndi pulasitiki ndipo ana angagwiritse ntchito mosavuta, koma ali ndi zovuta zambiri.
1) Dongo liri ndi miyala yambiri yaing'ono ndipo isanaigwiritse ntchito iyenera kuperepetsedwa kudzera mu sieve yabwino.
2) Kuchepetsa dothi la buluu ndi madzi osati mwana aliyense amatha, ndipo amafunikira thandizo kuchokera kwa makolo ake.
Dongo lachilengedwe
Mungagwiritsenso ntchito dothi lachitsanzo kuti likhale chitsanzo. Mu chilengedwe, dongo ili likhoza kupezeka pa gombe la mtsinje kapena thupi la madzi. Koma dziwani, osati dothi lililonse liri loyenerera kupanga chiwerengero. Pazithunzi zadongo sayenera kupangidwa ming'alu atayanika. Choncho, sulani chidutswa cha dongo chomwe chili m'manja mwako ndikuwona ngati dongo ndi pulasitiki. Komabe, ndibwino kuti ana asagwire ntchito ndi dothi lotero. Pali zodetsa zambiri mmenemo zomwe zingasokoneze ntchitoyi. Ana ojambula bwino zithunzi zopangidwa ndi zojambulajambula.
Mukasankha kugwiritsa ntchito dongo lachilengedwe, muyenera kuchotsa zosafunikira, zakunja zakunja. Pofuna kuyeretsa dongo, sungunulani m'madzi ndi kusonkhezera mpaka modzidzimitsa misa umapezeka. Perekani yankho la dongo kuti liime pafupi ola limodzi, ndipo kenako, osagwedeza, kutsanulira mu mbale ina. Mu thanki yoyamba idzakhala yokhazikika pansi pa miyalayi, ndipo yachiwiri yoyera, dongo labwino. Dumitsani dzuwa ndipo mukhoza kuyamba ntchito.
Zitsanzo za ana: timayamba kugwira ntchito ndi dongo.
Mukhoza kusankha njira zingapo zogwirira ntchito ndi dongo, koma zimadalira malingaliro ndi zaka za mwana wanu. Chimodzi mwa zosankhazi: kuchokera dongo limodzi, timayamba kujambulira chiwerengerocho. Pothandizidwa ndi zala zathu, timapanga mawonekedwe opangidwa. Ndiye mwana wanu ali ndi zizolowezi zina (kukumbina ndi kupanikiza) amapanga chiwerengero cha mimba kuchokera pansi.
Mukamagwira ntchito ndi dothi, mungagwiritse ntchito timitengo twapadera. Mothandizidwa ndi zokopa, mwanayo adzakhala omasuka komanso osavuta kugwira ntchito ndi dothi, koma dothilo liyenera kukhala lolemera kapena laling'ono.
Mukamapanga, mungagwiritsenso ntchito mapulasitiki apadera. Timapanga njira yothetsera dothi, kutsanulira mu nkhungu ndikudikirira kuti ikhale yowonjezereka. Njira yothetsera dongo ikhoza kupezeka mwa kusakaniza dongo ndi madzi mpaka yunifolomu, yolemera kwambiri imapezeka.
Ngati mwana wanu ali kale ndi dothi, ndiye kuti mungamulole kuti awonetsetse chinthu chovuta kwambiri kuposa kamphanga kokha. Aloleni apange vase. Kwa mwana wanu akhoza kupanga vaseti, mukufunikira dothi lofewa ndi film ya cellophane. Sankhani vaseti ndikulumikiza ndi filimu ya cellophane, ndipo wosema wamkuluyo adzalenga dongo pamwamba pake. Lolani dothi kuti liume. Pambuyo pake, chotsani chotsitsacho mosamala ndi kuchotsa filimu ya cellophane. Dongo likawuma, mwanayo adzaonetsetsa kuti ali ndi vaseti yeniyeni.
Mukhozanso kukondweretsa ana ndi mtundu wina wokondweretsa - uwu ndi mpumulo. Kujambula pamasom'pamaso ndi pamene njira zosiyana ndi zochepa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa dothi.
Zinsinsi zazing'ono zoumba kuchokera dongo.
Kwa mwana wanu amasangalala mukamagwira ntchito ndi dothi, muyenera kudziwa zomwe zimasungidwa ndi dothi. Kuwombera kuntchito ndi kofewa ngati pulasitiki, koma kumafuna kuti ukhale wogwirizana kwambiri ndi kulondola. Pali malamulo angapo osavuta ogwira bwino ntchito ndi dongo.
- Dongo, lomwe liri lofunika kuti likhale lopangidwira ntchito, liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse. Choncho, pamapeto pa ntchito, muyenera kukulunga dothi lotsalira, kapena kuphimba ndi nsanza yonyowa. Izi ndizoonetsetsa kuti dongo siluma.
- Pogwiritsira ntchito dothi lachilengedwe (osati mwachirengedwe), ming'alu ikuwonekera pamagetsi nthawi zambiri. Mwana wanu ayenera kuphunzira momwe angayendetse ming'alu imeneyi pogwiritsa ntchito dongo kapena madzi. Ngati sakudziwa momwe angachitire izi, ndiye kuti dongo lidzasokonezeka.
- Pamene mukugwira ntchito ndi dongo, choyamba muzipanga zigawo zazikulu zamagetsi, ndipo zowonjezereka ndizochepa. Ngati mwana wanu akadali wamng'ono, musamunyalanyaze. Kugwira ntchito ndi dothi ndi njira yovuta kwambiri - kumuthandiza.
Kusakaniza kwa katundu kuchokera ku dongo.
Pomaliza, mankhwala opangidwa ndi dongo ndi okonzeka. Kodi mungasunge bwanji zithunzi za mwana wanu nthawi yaitali?
Choyamba, mankhwalawa ayenera kuuma bwino.
Ikani chinthucho kuchokera ku dongo kupita mu thumba la cellophane loonekera ndipo dikirani osachepera masiku atatu. Ngati mankhwala opangidwa ndi dongo akuwoneka ofunika kuposa asanamwe, ndipo amasintha mtundu kukhala wopepuka, ndiye wokonzeka.
Pakapita masiku angapo, chidolecho chikhoza kuumitsidwa mu uvuni wa microwave. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino, yikani mutu wopangidwa ndi manja mwa mwanayo mu microwave kwa mphindi 2-3. Poyanika, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito uvuni wa gasi. Yesetsani kuyika madigiri 300 Celsius, yikani zinthu zoumba zouma mu uvuni ndikudikirira pafupi mphindi 20. Kulamulira kwakukulu mukamayanika - simumawume mu uvuni kungopanga dothi. Ikhoza kukhala yopunduka.
Mukatha kuyanika, ndiye kuti dothi likauma, mukhoza kujambula zojambula zathu.
Pogwiritsa ntchito dongo, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito gouache. Gouache amaika dongo bwinobwino ndikugogomezera kukongola kwa chidole, ndikupanga mitundu yokongola kwambiri. Palinso chinthu china chofunika kwambiri pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa gouache - sikungathetseretu thanzi la mwanayo.
Ngati chidolecho chinapangidwa ndi mwana wamkulu, ndiye kuti mungamuthandize ndi kujambula kwake. Ikani wochepa wosanjikiza wa enamel pa dongo mankhwala, pambuyo pa enamel dries, izo zidzakhazikitsa wangwiro m'munsi kwa utoto. Koma ngati mlembi wa lusoli ndi mwana wamng'ono, kugwiritsa ntchito enamel sikulangizidwa. Kutuluka kwa enamel pa kuyanika ndi kovulaza kwa mwanayo.
Gawo lotsiriza.
Pamene kujambula kwatha ndipo utoto wauma, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito varnish ya gloss, kapena PVA glue wamba. Izi zidzawonjezera chidole chadongo cha mphamvu. Samalani kuti zowonjezera zowonjezera zakhala zouma, pokhapokha mutagwiritsa ntchito varnishi kapena kumangiriza chithunzicho chapangidwa.
Kujambula zithunzi kwa ana ndi makolo awo ndi njira yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito nthawi pamodzi. Maphunzirowa sali okondweretsa, koma amathandizanso kuti mwana wanu akule bwino.